James Robinson Risner, American general and pilot (d. 2013)

Brigadier General James Robinson "Robbie" Risner (January 16, 1925 – October 22, 2013) stands as an indelible figure in the annals of United States military aviation. A distinguished fighter pilot, Risner served with exceptional valor across three major conflicts and rose to prominence as a senior leader among American prisoners of war during the tumultuous Vietnam War. His career exemplifies extraordinary courage, unwavering resilience, and profound dedication to service, earning him a revered place in Air Force history.

A Legendary Fighter Pilot: From Korean War Ace to Vietnam Valor

Risner's journey as a combat aviator began during World War II, where he initially served as a flight instructor, contributing to the crucial training efforts for the burgeoning U.S. Army Air Forces. However, his true combat prowess was unequivocally demonstrated during the Korean War (1950-1953). Piloting the F-86 Sabre, a formidable swept-wing fighter jet, Risner quickly distinguished himself, achieving the coveted status of an "ace" by crediting eight confirmed aerial victories against formidable MiG-15s, solidifying his reputation as a highly skilled and aggressive pilot.

Following Korea, Risner continued to serve with distinction, transitioning to the F-105 Thunderchief, affectionately known as the "Thud" by its pilots. This powerful single-seat fighter-bomber was designed for high-speed, low-altitude penetration and was the primary strike aircraft used in the early stages of the Vietnam War. In 1965, then-Lieutenant Colonel Risner was at the forefront, commanding a squadron of F-105s in the initial, perilous missions of Operation Rolling Thunder. This sustained bombing campaign, which lasted from 1965 to 1968, aimed to interdict supply lines, destroy military targets, and pressure North Vietnam to cease its support for the Viet Cong in South Vietnam. Risner flew a combined 163 combat missions throughout his career, often engaging in intense aerial combat and facing the immense dangers of enemy anti-aircraft fire and surface-to-air missiles. His exceptional resilience was underscored by the fact that he was shot down twice during his combat tours.

The Air Force Cross: Double Distinction for Valor

General Risner's extraordinary bravery was recognized with two Air Force Crosses, the second highest military decoration for valor awarded exclusively to members of the United States Air Force. This rare double conferment highlights the multifaceted nature of his heroism:

• First Air Force Cross: Aerial Combat Valor (1965)
  

  Risner was awarded his first Air Force Cross for exceptional valor during an aerial combat mission over North Vietnam. On September 20, 1965, despite his aircraft being severely damaged by enemy fire and his flight leader being shot down, Risner courageously returned to the area of engagement to provide cover for a rescue helicopter attempting to retrieve his downed comrade. His selfless actions under intense enemy fire demonstrated an unparalleled commitment to his fellow airmen.

• Second Air Force Cross: Gallantry as a Prisoner of War (1965-1973)
  

  On September 20, 1965, during the same mission for which he received his first Air Force Cross, Risner's F-105 was struck by anti-aircraft fire and he was forced to eject, subsequently being captured by North Vietnamese forces. He endured more than seven years of brutal captivity in various infamous North Vietnamese prisons, including the infamous Hỏa Lò Prison, grimly known as the "Hanoi Hilton." During this harrowing period, as a senior-ranking officer (SRO) among the U.S. prisoners, Risner exhibited extraordinary leadership, unwavering defiance, and profound gallantry. He rigorously upheld the Code of Conduct, resisted exploitation by his captors, and provided vital moral support and organizational structure to his fellow POWs, embodying the spirit of resistance and hope under unimaginable duress. His steadfast leadership and resilience in the face of torture and isolation earned him his second Air Force Cross.

Return and Legacy

General Risner was repatriated during Operation Homecoming on February 12, 1973, following the signing of the Paris Peace Accords. His return symbolized the enduring spirit of American servicemen. He continued to serve the Air Force with distinction until his retirement as a brigadier general in 1976. Risner's story of survival, leadership in captivity, and continued dedication deeply inspired generations of military personnel.

Upon his death on October 22, 2013, Air Force Chief of Staff General Mark A. Welsh III offered a poignant tribute that encapsulated Risner's profound impact:

"Brig. Gen. James Robinson 'Robbie' Risner was part of that legendary group who served in three wars, built an Air Force, and gave us an enduring example of courage and mission success... Today's Airmen know we stand on the shoulders of giants. One of 'em is 9 feet tall... and headed west in full afterburner."

This powerful eulogy recognized Risner's participation in three significant conflicts (World War II, Korea, and Vietnam), his role in shaping the modern United States Air Force, and his monumental courage. The vivid imagery of him "headed west in full afterburner" serves as a fitting metaphor for a fighter pilot's final, glorious flight into the heavens, leaving behind a legacy of heroism and inspiration.

Frequently Asked Questions About Brigadier General James R. Risner

What was Brigadier General James R. "Robbie" Risner most known for?

Brigadier General James R. "Robbie" Risner is most known for his exceptional career as a fighter pilot across three wars (WWII, Korea, Vietnam), becoming an ace in Korea, leading F-105 Thunderchief missions during Operation Rolling Thunder, and his extraordinary resilience and leadership as a senior U.S. prisoner of war for over seven years in North Vietnam. He was a double recipient of the Air Force Cross, the second-highest decoration for valor.

How many times was Robbie Risner shot down during combat?

Robbie Risner was shot down twice during his combat missions in Vietnam. The second time, on September 20, 1965, led to his capture and subsequent seven-year imprisonment as a POW.

What is the Air Force Cross?

The Air Force Cross is the second highest military decoration for valor that can be awarded to a member of the United States Air Force. It is presented for extraordinary heroism in military operations against an armed enemy, recognizing actions that are clearly above and beyond the call of duty.

How long was General Risner a prisoner of war?

General Risner was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for more than seven years, from September 20, 1965, until his release on February 12, 1973. During his captivity, he was held in various notorious prisons, including the "Hanoi Hilton," where he served as a vital senior leader among his fellow POWs.