Thomas Hammarberg, Swedish lawyer and diplomat

Thomas Hammarberg, born on 2 January 1942, is a highly distinguished Swedish diplomat and a tireless human rights defender, widely recognized for his profound contributions to the global human rights landscape. His extensive career is marked by an unwavering commitment to advocating for fundamental freedoms and dignity, culminating in his influential tenure as the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights.

A Lifelong Advocate: Thomas Hammarberg's Journey to Human Rights Leadership

Before assuming the prestigious role of Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Thomas Hammarberg cultivated a remarkable career spanning several key international and national organizations dedicated to humanitarian causes and human rights advocacy. His foundational work includes serving as the Secretary General of Amnesty International from 1980 to 1986, a period during which he actively campaigned for the release of political prisoners and tirelessly worked towards the abolition of torture and the death penalty worldwide. Subsequently, he took on the role of Secretary General for Save the Children Sweden from 1986 to 1992, where his focus was firmly placed on protecting the rights and welfare of children. Furthermore, Hammarberg's diverse international experience encompassed significant positions such as a United Nations Special Representative for human rights in Cambodia and an Ambassador on humanitarian affairs for the Swedish government in Belgrade. This rich background provided him with a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of human rights challenges across varied geopolitical and social contexts, preparing him for the significant responsibilities he would later undertake at the Council of Europe.

The Role of the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights

The Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent, non-judicial institution established in 1999 to promote awareness of and respect for human rights in the 46 Council of Europe member states. The Commissioner's mandate includes identifying shortcomings in the laws and practices of member states concerning human rights protection, facilitating their compliance with Council of Europe human rights instruments, and promoting the effective implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights. This is achieved through various activities, including:

• Undertaking country visits to engage in direct dialogue with national authorities and civil society.
• Publishing reports, opinions, and recommendations on specific human rights issues or country situations.
• Engaging with national human rights institutions and other relevant bodies.
• Raising public awareness about human rights issues and the role of the Council of Europe.

Thomas Hammarberg's Tenure as Commissioner (2006-2012)

Thomas Hammarberg held the pivotal post of Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, based in Strasbourg, from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2012. During his six-year term, he distinguished himself as a proactive and vocal advocate for the most vulnerable populations across Europe. He succeeded Álvaro Gil-Robles, the inaugural Commissioner, building upon the institution's foundational work and significantly enhancing its visibility and impact on the European human rights landscape. Hammarberg's tenure was notably characterized by his particular focus on several critical areas:

• Rights of the Roma: He consistently highlighted and addressed the systemic discrimination faced by Roma communities across Europe.
• Combating Discrimination: He championed efforts against all forms of discrimination, including on grounds of ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and disability.
• Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism: Hammarberg emphasized the critical need to uphold human rights standards even in the context of national security and counter-terrorism measures.
• Rights of Migrants, Asylum Seekers, and Refugees: He vocally advocated for the humane treatment and protection of the rights of these vulnerable groups.
• Rights of Persons with Disabilities: His work significantly contributed to promoting the full inclusion and rights of persons with disabilities.
• Freedom of Expression and Social Rights: He underscored the importance of fundamental freedoms, including free speech, and the necessity of ensuring social and economic rights for all.

Through his comprehensive reports, country visits, and direct engagement with governments and civil society organizations, Hammarberg consistently urged member states to fully implement the standards set forth by the European Convention on Human Rights and other international human rights instruments. His tenure was a period of robust advocacy and significant influence, contributing to heightened awareness and tangible improvements in human rights protection across the Council of Europe member states.

Frequently Asked Questions about Thomas Hammarberg and the Commissioner's Role

What is the primary role of the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights?

The Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights serves as an independent, non-judicial institution tasked with promoting and monitoring the observance of human rights in the Council of Europe's 46 member states, particularly concerning the European Convention on Human Rights.

When did Thomas Hammarberg serve as the Commissioner?

Thomas Hammarberg held the position of Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights from 1 April 2006 until 31 March 2012, serving a six-year term.

Who did Thomas Hammarberg succeed as Commissioner?

He succeeded Álvaro Gil-Robles, who was the very first Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, holding the post from 1999 to 2006.

What were some key human rights issues Thomas Hammarberg focused on during his tenure?

During his time as Commissioner, Thomas Hammarberg particularly focused on the human rights of the Roma, combating discrimination in all its forms, ensuring human rights protection in the context of counter-terrorism, and advocating for the rights of migrants, asylum seekers, and persons with disabilities, alongside promoting freedom of expression and social rights.