William Campion, English colonel and politician, 21st Governor of Western Australia (b. 1870)

Sir William Robert Campion, born on 3 July 1870 and passing away on 2 January 1951, was a distinguished British figure whose career encompassed significant contributions as a dedicated soldier, an influential politician, and ultimately, the 21st Governor of Western Australia. His tenure as Governor, from 1924 to 1931, coincided with a pivotal period in the state's history, marked by both growth and profound economic challenges.

A Life of Service: Military and Political Foundations

Distinguished Military Career

Sir William Robert Campion's commitment to public service began with a notable military career. He was commissioned into the 3rd (Militia) Battalion of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, a regiment with a rich history of service to the British Crown. His early military prowess was evident during the Second Boer War (1899-1902) in South Africa, where he served with distinction. His bravery and leadership during this conflict led to him being mentioned in despatches, a significant honour acknowledging meritorious service in the face of the enemy, and he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), a prestigious military decoration for officers who demonstrate gallantry during active operations against the enemy. By 1914, holding the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, Campion took command of the 4th (Service) Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers, playing a crucial role during the First World War. He was wounded in action, further underscoring his personal sacrifice and dedication on the battlefield.

Transition to Politics: Member of Parliament

Following his impactful military service, Campion transitioned into the political arena. A staunch member of the Conservative Party, he was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Lewes in 1910. He served the electorate of Lewes diligently until 1924, gaining invaluable experience in parliamentary procedures and governance. During his time in the House of Commons, he held the important role of Parliamentary Private Secretary to Lord Robert Cecil, a prominent figure in British politics and a key architect of the League of Nations. This role provided Campion with direct insight into high-level policy-making and prepared him for greater responsibilities.

Governorship of Western Australia: 1924-1931

Appointment and Role of Governor

In 1924, Sir William Robert Campion was appointed by King George V, on the recommendation of the British government, as the 21st Governor of Western Australia. As the King's representative, the Governor's role was multifaceted, encompassing constitutional, ceremonial, and community responsibilities. This included ensuring the smooth functioning of parliamentary democracy, assenting to legislation, presiding over official ceremonies, and serving as patron to various charitable and community organizations. The Governor acted as an impartial head of state, providing counsel to the Premier and the elected government, and maintaining a vital link between Western Australia and the United Kingdom.

Navigating the Great Depression

Sir William's seven-year tenure as Governor was particularly challenging due to its convergence with the onset of the Great Depression. This global economic crisis, which began in late 1929, severely impacted Western Australia's economy. The state, heavily reliant on primary industries such as wheat farming, wool production, and mining (particularly gold), faced plummeting commodity prices, widespread unemployment, and a drastic decline in revenue. Governor Campion played a crucial role in maintaining stability and continuity during these turbulent times. While the day-to-day economic management fell to the elected government, he worked closely with successive Premiers, including Philip Collier and Sir James Mitchell, to navigate the financial distress. His steady leadership and experience were invaluable in a period of immense public anxiety and economic hardship, contributing to the state's resilience in the face of unprecedented challenges. His deep understanding of parliamentary processes, honed during his time as an MP, proved beneficial in advising the state government on various constitutional matters that arose during the crisis.

Sir William Robert Campion retired from his gubernatorial post in 1931, leaving behind a legacy of dedicated service during one of Western Australia's most trying periods. His life reflected a profound commitment to his country, whether on the battlefields of South Africa and Europe or in the corridors of power in Westminster and Perth.

Frequently Asked Questions about Sir William Robert Campion

Who was Sir William Robert Campion?

Sir William Robert Campion was a prominent British figure who served as a soldier, a Member of Parliament, and the 21st Governor of Western Australia from 1924 to 1931.

What was Sir William Campion's military background?

He was commissioned into the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, served in the Second Boer War, where he earned the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), and commanded the 4th (Service) Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers during the First World War, where he was wounded in action.

What political roles did Sir William Campion hold?

He served as a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Lewes from 1910 to 1924 and was also a Parliamentary Private Secretary to Lord Robert Cecil.

When was Sir William Campion Governor of Western Australia?

He served as the 21st Governor of Western Australia from 1924 to 1931.

What significant events occurred during his governorship?

His tenure as Governor notably coincided with the global Great Depression, which severely impacted Western Australia's economy, leading to significant challenges in agriculture, mining, and employment.