William Corless Mills, American historian and curator (d. 1928)

William Corless Mills (January 2, 1860 - January 17, 1928) was a distinguished American museum curator and pioneering archaeologist whose work significantly contributed to the understanding of pre-Columbian cultures in Ohio. His extensive career spanned several scientific and professional disciplines, marking him as a pivotal figure in early 20th-century American anthropology and museum development.

Born in Pyrmont, Ohio, Mills' early life set the stage for a career dedicated to the exploration and preservation of natural and cultural history. His specialization in the archaeology of Native American cultures, particularly those indigenous to Ohio, would become a hallmark of his professional life.

Pioneering Archaeological Research and the Adena Culture

One of William C. Mills' most notable contributions to American archaeology was his leadership in excavations of Native American sites. His work provided invaluable insights into ancient civilizations of the Ohio Valley. A significant undertaking was his excavation of the Adena Mound in Ohio in 1901.

• The Adena Culture: The Adena culture, flourishing from approximately 1000 BCE to 200 CE, was a significant pre-Columbian Native American culture that inhabited a region encompassing parts of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. They are renowned for their elaborate earthworks, including large burial mounds and ceremonial enclosures, which often contained intricate artifacts.
• Impact of the Adena Mound Excavation: Mills' careful documentation and analysis of artifacts and burial practices at the Adena Mound provided critical foundational data for defining and understanding the Adena culture. This excavation was instrumental in establishing Adena as a distinct archaeological culture, laying groundwork for future research into the region's ancient inhabitants.

Leadership at the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society

William C. Mills' most enduring institutional legacy stems from his long and impactful tenure at the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, now known as the Ohio History Connection. From 1898 to 1928, he served as the fourth curator and librarian, following the pioneering work of Lucy Allen Smart, who was the society's first librarian and curator. Mills' three decades in this leadership role were crucial for the society's growth and the development of its collections.

• Curatorial Responsibilities: As curator, Mills was responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and interpretation of the society's vast collections, which included archaeological artifacts, historical documents, and natural history specimens. His expertise ensured the scientific integrity and educational value of these holdings.
• Librarian Duties: In his role as librarian, he oversaw the expansion and organization of the society's research library, making historical and archaeological resources accessible to scholars and the public.
• Institutional Development: His leadership during this period helped establish the society as a leading institution for historical and archaeological research and public education in Ohio, fostering a deeper appreciation for the state's rich heritage.

Broad Professional and Academic Affiliations

Beyond his primary curatorial role, William C. Mills was a highly engaged member of the wider scientific and academic community, reflecting his diverse interests and commitment to advancing knowledge. His extensive affiliations highlight his stature and influence in various fields:

• Museum Professionalism: He was a **charter member of the American Association of Museums** (founded in 1906), now known as the American Alliance of Museums (AAM). This significant involvement underscores his foundational role in establishing professional standards and fostering collaboration within the burgeoning museum field in the United States.
• Ornithology: His passion for birds was evident through his memberships in the American Ornithological Union and his role as a member and president of the Wheaton Ornithological Society.
• Scientific Societies: Mills held esteemed fellowships in several major scientific organizations, including the American Ethnological Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Anthropological Society, acknowledging his contributions and expertise in these fields. He was also a member and librarian of the Ohio Academy of Science.
• Horticulture: Demonstrating a keen interest in botany and gardening, he was a member and treasurer of the Columbus Horticultural Society and a member of the Columbus Iris Society.
• Research and Academia: His commitment to research was further exemplified by his membership in the National Research Council of Archaeology. Moreover, his academic influence extended to teaching, as he served as a lecturer in Sociology within the College of Commerce and Administration at The Ohio State University. He also contributed to scientific discourse as an assistant editor of the "Ohio Naturalist."

William Corless Mills passed away in Columbus, Ohio, leaving behind a significant legacy of archaeological discovery, institutional leadership, and a broad network of professional contributions that helped shape the fields of museum studies and American anthropology.

Frequently Asked Questions about William Corless Mills

Who was William Corless Mills?

William Corless Mills was a prominent American museum curator and archaeologist, best known for his long tenure as the curator and librarian of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) and his pioneering excavations of Native American sites, particularly the Adena Mound.

What was the significance of his work at the Adena Mound?

His excavation of the Adena Mound in 1901 was crucial for defining and understanding the pre-Columbian Adena culture. His detailed documentation and analysis of the findings provided foundational knowledge about this early Native American civilization in the Ohio Valley.

Which organization did William C. Mills lead for a significant period?

He served as the fourth curator and librarian of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) for 30 years, from 1898 to 1928.

Was William C. Mills involved in the establishment of national museum organizations?

Yes, William C. Mills was a charter member of the American Association of Museums (AAM), which was founded in 1906 and is now known as the American Alliance of Museums. This highlights his foundational role in professionalizing the museum field in the United States.

What other academic or scientific fields was Mills involved in?

Beyond archaeology and museum curation, Mills had diverse interests and affiliations, including ornithology, horticulture, and general science. He was a fellow of major anthropological and scientific societies and also lectured in Sociology at The Ohio State University.