Understanding United Nations Security Council Resolution 39 on the Kashmir Conflict

Adopted by the United Nations Security Council on January 20, 1948, Resolution 39 marked a pivotal early intervention in the escalating Kashmir Conflict. This landmark resolution was specifically designed to foster a peaceful resolution to the complex dispute between newly independent India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. India had formally brought the dispute to the UN Security Council, seeking its intervention following significant military clashes and political turmoil that began in late 1947, shortly after the partition of British India and the subsequent accession of Kashmir.

Establishment of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP)

At its core, Resolution 39 proposed the establishment of a specialized body that would play a crucial role in mediating the dispute: the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP). This three-member commission was intended to act as a neutral intermediary and advisory body in the ongoing conflict. The composition of UNCIP was meticulously planned to ensure balanced representation and facilitate cooperation, aiming to build confidence among the parties:

• One member was to be designated by India.
• Another member was to be designated by Pakistan.
• The crucial third member would be chosen by mutual agreement between the first two nominees, ensuring a collectively accepted impartial voice within the commission.

This careful selection mechanism underscored the UN's commitment to impartiality and its aim to establish a foundation of trust and shared responsibility within the commission itself, essential for its effectiveness in such a sensitive geopolitical context.

Mandate and Role of UNCIP Under Resolution 39

The primary mandate of the newly formed UNCIP, as explicitly outlined in Resolution 39, was to conduct a thorough and objective assessment of the evolving situation on the ground in Jammu and Kashmir. This involved gathering facts, understanding the positions of both India and Pakistan, and analyzing the prevailing conditions. Following this comprehensive assessment, the commission was tasked with submitting a detailed, comprehensive, and joint report to the Security Council.

This report was not merely an informational update; it was expected to offer concrete recommendations and advise the Council on the most effective "course of action" to "help further peace in the region." This included exploring various diplomatic avenues, suggesting practical steps for de-escalation, and proposing potential frameworks that could lead towards a lasting settlement of the territorial dispute. Resolution 39 thus laid the foundational diplomatic framework for the UN's subsequent and sustained engagement in the Kashmir issue, demonstrating the nascent United Nations' commitment to maintaining international peace and security in post-colonial disputes.

Frequently Asked Questions about UN Security Council Resolution 39

What was the main purpose of UN Security Council Resolution 39?

The main purpose of Resolution 39, adopted on January 20, 1948, was to assist in the peaceful resolution of the escalating Kashmir Conflict by establishing a three-member commission. This commission was tasked with assessing the situation and advising the Security Council on the best course of action to promote peace and stability in the region.

What was the official name of the commission established by Resolution 39?

The commission established by Resolution 39 was officially named the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP).

How were the members of the UNCIP selected according to Resolution 39?

UNCIP comprised three members: one chosen by India, one chosen by Pakistan, and the crucial third member selected by mutual agreement between the first two nominees appointed by India and Pakistan.

What was UNCIP's immediate responsibility under Resolution 39?

UNCIP's immediate responsibility was to conduct an objective assessment of the situation in Kashmir and subsequently to write a joint report advising the Security Council on the most effective strategies and actions to further peace in the disputed territory.