Augustin Daniel Belliard, French general (b. 1769)

Augustin Daniel Belliard: A Distinguished French General and Imperial Noble

Augustin Daniel Belliard, formally known as Comte Belliard et de l'Empire, was a prominent French general whose extensive military career spanned from the tumultuous French Revolutionary Wars through the Napoleonic era and into the subsequent Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy. Born on 25 May 1769 in Fontenay-le-Comte, a commune in the Vendée department of western France, Belliard distinguished himself as a versatile and loyal officer. His remarkable life concluded on 28 January 1832 in Brussels, Belgium, where he was serving in a diplomatic capacity.

A Prolific Military Career Under Napoleon Bonaparte

Belliard's military journey began during the early stages of the French Revolution, where he rapidly ascended through the ranks due to his proven courage and strategic acumen. However, it was during the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte that his career truly flourished. Belliard became one of Bonaparte's trusted cavalry commanders, known for his decisive actions and administrative capabilities.

• Egyptian Campaign (1798-1801): He played a crucial role in Napoleon's expedition to Egypt and Syria. Notably, he participated in the decisive Battle of Aboukir in 1799, where French forces under Bonaparte delivered a crushing defeat to the Ottoman army. Belliard's contributions in Egypt led to his promotion to Général de brigade.
• Napoleonic Wars in Europe: By 1805, he was elevated to Général de division, a testament to his continued excellent service. He served extensively in the Peninsular War (1808-1813), primarily in Spain, where he often acted as Chief of Staff to Joseph Bonaparte, who was then King of Spain. Belliard was instrumental in managing military and administrative affairs in Madrid.
• Russian Campaign and Final Campaigns (1812-1814): Belliard participated in the disastrous Russian Campaign of 1812, enduring the grueling retreat from Moscow. He continued to fight fiercely in the German Campaign of 1813 and the Campaign of France in 1814, defending French soil against the Sixth Coalition.
• The Hundred Days (1815): Upon Napoleon's return from exile, Belliard, demonstrating unwavering loyalty, rejoined the Emperor. He commanded a cavalry division during the pivotal Battle of Waterloo, playing a part in one of history's most famous military confrontations.

The Imperial Title: Comte Belliard et de l'Empire

The title "Comte Belliard et de l'Empire" signifies his elevation to the nobility created by Napoleon during the First French Empire. Napoleon established a new imperial nobility to reward loyal service and create a new elite that owed its status to the Emperor, distinct from the old Bourbon aristocracy. Being granted the title of "Comte de l'Empire" was a significant honor, reflecting Belliard's high standing and contributions within the Napoleonic regime.

Post-Napoleonic Era and Diplomatic Service

Following Napoleon's final defeat and the Bourbon Restoration, Belliard, like many Napoleonic generals, faced initial periods of disfavor. However, his military expertise and experience were eventually recognized again. Under the July Monarchy, established in 1830, Belliard was appointed Peer of France (Pair de France), granting him a seat in the upper house of the French parliament.

His final significant assignment was a diplomatic one. In 1831, he was dispatched as a French envoy to Brussels, Belgium, which had recently declared its independence from the Netherlands. His mission was crucial for the stability of the nascent Belgian kingdom and to support its newly established monarchy under King Leopold I. It was during this important diplomatic service that General Augustin Daniel Belliard passed away in Brussels at the age of 62, concluding a life dedicated to military and public service.

Frequently Asked Questions about General Augustin Daniel Belliard

What was Augustin Daniel Belliard's primary military role?

Augustin Daniel Belliard was primarily a highly effective cavalry commander, known for his tactical prowess and leadership in the field. He also served significantly as a Chief of Staff, demonstrating strong administrative and organizational skills, particularly during the Peninsular War.

Why was he known as 'Comte Belliard et de l'Empire'?

The title 'Comte Belliard et de l'Empire' was an honor bestowed upon him by Napoleon Bonaparte. This title, "Count of the Empire," was part of the new imperial nobility created by Napoleon to recognize and reward loyal and distinguished service to the First French Empire.

What significant campaigns did General Belliard participate in?

General Belliard participated in many pivotal campaigns, including the Egyptian Campaign (Battle of Aboukir), the Peninsular War in Spain, the arduous Russian Campaign, the German Campaign, the Campaign of France, and the crucial Battle of Waterloo during the Hundred Days.

What was General Belliard doing in Brussels at the time of his death?

At the time of his death in 1832, General Belliard was serving as a French diplomatic envoy in Brussels, Belgium. His mission was to provide support and stabilize the newly independent Kingdom of Belgium and its new monarch, King Leopold I.