Alexander Vraciu, American commander and pilot (b. 1918)

Alexander Vraciu (November 2, 1918 – January 29, 2015) was a distinguished American naval aviator and a highly decorated fighter ace during World War II. Renowned for his exceptional combat prowess and unwavering courage, Vraciu was a recipient of the prestigious Navy Cross and a nominee for the Medal of Honor. By the war's conclusion, he had solidified his place in history as the fourth-ranked flying ace of the United States Navy, credited with downing 19 enemy aircraft in aerial combat and destroying an additional 21 on the ground, a testament to his versatility and impact on the Pacific Theater.

Early Life and Naval Aviation Calling

Born in East Chicago, Indiana, on November 2, 1918, Alexander Vraciu was the son of Romanian immigrant parents, an upbringing that instilled in him a strong work ethic. He pursued higher education at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, where he laid the groundwork for his future endeavors. In 1941, as global tensions escalated and the United States prepared for war, Vraciu answered the call to duty, enlisting in the U.S. Navy. This decision marked the beginning of a remarkable military career that would see him become one of the most effective fighter pilots of his generation.

World War II Service: A Legacy Forged in the Pacific

During World War II, Vraciu’s operational theatre was the vast and unforgiving Pacific. He became proficient in flying the formidable Grumman F6F Hellcat, a carrier-based fighter aircraft known for its robust design, heavy armament, and superior performance against Japanese adversaries like the A6M Zero. His early months were spent as a wingman to one of the Navy's most legendary figures, Lieutenant Commander Edward "Butch" O'Hare, the Navy's first ace of the war and a Medal of Honor recipient. This invaluable five-month mentorship under O'Hare significantly shaped Vraciu's combat philosophy and airmanship, preparing him for the intense aerial engagements that lay ahead.

The "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot": A Defining Moment

Alexander Vraciu's most iconic achievement occurred on June 19, 1944, during the pivotal Battle of the Philippine Sea, an engagement that became famously known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot." This battle represented a catastrophic defeat for Japanese naval aviation, largely due to the overwhelming technological superiority of American aircraft, particularly the Hellcat, and the superior training of U.S. Navy pilots. On this single day, flying from the aircraft carrier USS Lexington (CV-16), Vraciu engaged a formation of Japanese bomber aircraft. In an astonishing display of precision and efficiency, he shot down six enemy planes in a mere eight minutes, expending only 360 rounds of ammunition. This incredible feat of air-to-air combat underscored his exceptional marksmanship and tactical brilliance, cementing his reputation as a top ace.

Survival Behind Enemy Lines

In December 1944, Vraciu faced a harrowing ordeal during a mission over the Philippines. His Grumman F6F Hellcat was critically damaged, forcing him to parachute from his downed aircraft behind enemy lines. Demonstrating immense resilience and survival skills, Vraciu evaded capture and spent an arduous five weeks living with Filipino resistance fighters. This period highlighted his tenacity and adaptability, far from the cockpit, as he navigated treacherous terrain and hostile conditions. Ultimately, he successfully rejoined American military forces and returned to the safety of the USS Lexington, a testament to his determination and the strong bonds with the local resistance.

For the final months of the war, Vraciu was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center in Patuxent, Maryland. This role allowed him to contribute his extensive combat experience to the development and refinement of naval aircraft, playing a vital part in ensuring the fleet had the best possible equipment.

Post-War Service and Civilian Life

Following World War II, Alexander Vraciu continued to contribute significantly to naval aviation. He served as a crucial test pilot, leveraging his firsthand combat experience to evaluate new aircraft and systems, thereby enhancing the safety and effectiveness of future naval air operations. His leadership extended beyond flight testing as he became instrumental in the formation of the post-war Naval and Marine Air Reserve program. This initiative was vital for maintaining a ready pool of trained aviators and ground personnel, ensuring the continuity and strength of U.S. naval air power in the post-war era.

From 1956 to 1958, Vraciu commanded his own fighter squadron, VF-51, for twenty-two months, further demonstrating his leadership capabilities and commitment to the Navy. He retired from the U.S. Navy on December 31, 1963, with the distinguished rank of Commander, concluding a decorated military career spanning over two decades. After his retirement, Vraciu transitioned to civilian life, moving to Danville, California, where he embarked on a new career working for Wells Fargo.

Frequently Asked Questions About Alexander Vraciu

Who was Alexander Vraciu?

Alexander Vraciu was a highly decorated United States Navy fighter ace during World War II, known for his exceptional aerial combat skills, particularly during the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot." He was a recipient of the Navy Cross and a Medal of Honor nominee.

What was Alexander Vraciu's greatest achievement in World War II?

His most famous achievement occurred on June 19, 1944, during the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot" (part of the Battle of the Philippine Sea), where he shot down six Japanese aircraft in just eight minutes, using only 360 rounds of ammunition, while flying a Grumman F6F Hellcat from the USS Lexington.

How many enemy planes did Vraciu shoot down?

Alexander Vraciu was credited with downing 19 enemy planes in aerial combat and destroying an additional 21 on the ground, making him the fourth-ranked U.S. Navy flying ace by the end of World War II.

What aircraft did Alexander Vraciu fly during WWII?

During his combat tours in the Pacific Theater, Alexander Vraciu primarily flew the Grumman F6F Hellcat, a robust and effective carrier-based fighter that played a crucial role in Allied air superiority.

What happened to Alexander Vraciu after the war?

After World War II, Vraciu served as a test pilot and was instrumental in establishing the post-war Naval and Marine Air Reserve program. He later commanded his own fighter squadron, VF-51, and retired from the Navy as a Commander in 1963, subsequently working for Wells Fargo in civilian life.