Constantine Hangerli: A Phanariote Prince of Wallachia

Constantine Hangerli (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Χατζερής, Konstantinos Chatzeris; c. 1760 – 18 February 1799), also known by the alternative spelling Constantin Hangerliu, was a significant figure in the history of the Danubian Principalities. He held the challenging position of Prince of Wallachia from 1797 until his untimely death in 1799, a pivotal period marked by the pervasive influence of the Ottoman Empire.

The Phanariote System and Hangerli's Reign

Hangerli's appointment as Prince was a direct outcome of the Phanariote system, a unique administrative structure that governed Wallachia and Moldavia from the early 18th century until the mid-19th century. Under this system, the Ottoman Sultan appointed wealthy and influential Greek families, primarily from the Phanar district of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), to rule these semi-autonomous Principalities. These Phanariote Princes were entrusted with managing local affairs, ensuring the collection of substantial tributes for the Ottoman Porte, and maintaining regional stability, often navigating complex geopolitical pressures from both the Ottoman and Russian Empires.

Constantine Hangerli's brief reign in Wallachia was particularly arduous due to the immense financial pressures exerted by the Ottoman Empire. He was compelled to impose exceptionally heavy taxes on the Wallachian populace and the local boyars. This severe fiscal burden led to widespread discontent, economic hardship, and growing unrest throughout the principality, severely impacting his popularity and the stability of his rule. The financial demands often intensified during periods of Ottoman military campaigns or imperial financial strain, placing immense pressure on the appointed Princes.

His Assassination and Legacy

The escalating discontent and a volatile political climate ultimately led to Constantine Hangerli's demise. He was assassinated on 18 February 1799, reportedly on the direct orders of Sultan Selim III. The reasons cited for his execution included accusations of financial mismanagement, alleged disloyalty to the Porte, and the severe destabilization caused by his harsh taxation policies which threatened to incite rebellion. His abrupt and violent end was not an isolated incident; such fates were regrettably common for Phanariote Princes who failed to meet the demanding expectations of the Ottoman leadership or became perceived liabilities.

Family Connections: The Hangerli Dynasty

Constantine Hangerli was notably the brother of Alexander Hangerli, another prominent Phanariote who himself served as the Prince of Moldavia in 1807. The fact that two brothers from the same Hangerli family ascended to the princely thrones of both Wallachia and Moldavia, albeit in different years, highlights the dynastic patterns and intricate networks characteristic of the Phanariote ruling elite. These powerful Greek families often moved between the two Principalities, solidifying their influence, wealth, and political standing through their service to the Ottoman Empire and their deep connections within Constantinople's elite circles.

Frequently Asked Questions about Constantine Hangerli

Who was Constantine Hangerli?

Constantine Hangerli was a Phanariote Prince who governed Wallachia from 1797 until his death in 1799. He belonged to one of the wealthy Greek families from Constantinople's Phanar district, appointed by the Ottoman Sultan to rule the Danubian Principalities.

When did Constantine Hangerli rule Wallachia?

He ruled the Principality of Wallachia for a short but tumultuous period, specifically from 1797 to 1799.

How did Constantine Hangerli die?

Constantine Hangerli was assassinated on 18 February 1799, reportedly by direct order of Sultan Selim III. His execution was largely attributed to accusations of financial mismanagement and the severe unrest caused by his heavy taxation policies within Wallachia.

What was the Phanariote system?

The Phanariote system was a significant historical period (early 18th to mid-19th century) during which the Ottoman Sultan appointed wealthy, influential Greek families from the Phanar district of Constantinople to rule the semi-autonomous Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia as Princes.

Was Constantine Hangerli related to other rulers?

Yes, he was the brother of Alexander Hangerli, who also became a Phanariote Prince and served as the Prince of Moldavia in 1807. This familial connection highlights the dynastic nature of the Phanariote ruling class.