William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1793)

William Wildman Shute Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, PC (15 January 1717 – 1 February 1793), was a distinguished British politician and a pivotal figure in 18th-century British administration. Holding a seat in the House of Commons for an remarkable 38 years, from 1740 to 1778, his political career spanned several critical periods in British history. He is primarily remembered for his influential tenures as Secretary at War during two of Britain's most significant conflicts: the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence.

William Wildman Shute Barrington: A Long Political Career

Born on January 15, 1717, William Wildman Shute Barrington inherited the title of 2nd Viscount Barrington in the Peerage of Ireland, a hereditary title. His entry into the House of Commons in 1740 marked the beginning of a near four-decade parliamentary career, a testament to his enduring presence and influence in British politics. During his time as a Member of Parliament, he was a Privy Councillor (PC), an honor denoting membership in the Privy Council, a body of senior advisors to the British monarch.

The Role of Secretary at War in the 18th Century

The office of Secretary at War, a crucial civilian position within the British government, was distinct from that of the Commander-in-Chief. This role was primarily responsible for the administrative and financial aspects of the British Army. This included managing military expenditure, overseeing personnel affairs, approving regimental establishments, and handling a vast array of logistical challenges, but generally excluded direct command of troops or strategic military operations. Barrington's long service in this demanding role positioned him at the heart of military administration during periods of intense conflict.

Overseeing War Efforts: Key Tenures as Secretary at War

Barrington served two significant terms as Secretary at War, coinciding directly with major global and imperial conflicts that shaped the British Empire.

His first term as Secretary at War, from March 1755 to March 1761, encompassed the entirety of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). This global conflict, often considered the first true "world war," saw Britain emerge as the dominant colonial power, particularly over France. During this period, Barrington was instrumental in the logistical and financial management of a rapidly expanding army, ensuring resources were allocated effectively to support campaigns across Europe, North America, India, and other colonial territories. His administrative acumen was vital for sustaining Britain's war effort on multiple fronts.

Barrington's second, even longer tenure as Secretary at War spanned from July 1765 to December 1778. This period coincided with the escalating tensions and eventual outbreak of the American War of Independence (1775-1783). In this challenging role, he was tasked with managing the British Army's operations against the rebellious American colonies, a conflict that proved unpopular and ultimately unsuccessful for Britain. His responsibilities included mobilizing troops, ensuring their pay and provisions, and coordinating efforts from London for military campaigns across the Atlantic. His resignation in 1778, amidst growing military setbacks in America, marked the end of his direct involvement in this contentious conflict.

Key Contributions and Legacy

Lord Barrington's career, particularly his lengthy service as Secretary at War, highlights the critical importance of civilian administration in supporting military endeavors. His dedication to managing the complex financial and logistical aspects of the British Army during two major wars underscores his significant, though often behind-the-scenes, contributions to British imperial policy and military readiness in the 18th century. He passed away on February 1, 1793, leaving behind a legacy of diligent public service.

Frequently Asked Questions about William Wildman Shute Barrington

Who was William Wildman Shute Barrington?

William Wildman Shute Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, was a prominent British politician who served in the House of Commons for 38 years and was notably the Secretary at War during the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence.

What was the Secretary at War's role in the 18th century?

The Secretary at War was a civilian government official responsible for the financial administration, personnel management, and logistical support of the British Army, distinct from military command roles.

When did Barrington serve as Secretary at War?

He had two main tenures: from March 1755 to March 1761 (during the Seven Years' War) and from July 1765 to December 1778 (during the American War of Independence).

How long was William Wildman Shute Barrington in Parliament?

He was a Member of Parliament, sitting in the House of Commons, for 38 years, from 1740 to 1778.

What is a "PC" in the context of British politics?

PC stands for Privy Councillor. It signifies membership in the Privy Council, a formal body of advisors to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom.