Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1100)

Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare: First Earl of Pembroke

Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare (c. 1100 – 6 January 1148) emerged as a significant Anglo-Norman baron, famously becoming the first Earl of Pembroke in 1138. His elevation to this prestigious title marked a pivotal moment in his career and reflected the complex political landscape of 12th-century England.

Who was Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare?

A prominent member of the powerful Clare family, Gilbert fitz Gilbert was the son of Gilbert fitz Richard, Lord of Clare, and nephew to Richard fitz Gilbert, ancestor of the Earls of Hertford. The Clare family was one of the most influential Anglo-Norman baronial houses, known for their extensive landholdings across England and Normandy, and their strategic importance in the Welsh Marches. This lineage positioned Gilbert within the highest echelons of medieval English aristocracy.

The Creation of the Earldom of Pembroke in 1138

Gilbert's creation as Earl of Pembroke by King Stephen in 1138 was a direct consequence of the tumultuous period known as The Anarchy (c. 1135–1153). During this brutal civil war for the English throne between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, Stephen frequently sought to consolidate support from powerful magnates by creating new earldoms. The Earldom of Pembroke, strategically located in South Wales, was a crucial frontier region requiring strong military and administrative leadership. Besides Pembroke, Gilbert also held the important lordship of Strigoil (modern-day Chepstow), further enhancing his control over key Welsh border territories.

Life and Legacy of the First Earl

Gilbert's tenure as the first Earl of Pembroke was relatively brief, lasting approximately ten years until his death on 6 January 1148. While his direct influence during The Anarchy is not extensively detailed, his position as a newly created earl by Stephen indicates his importance to the King's cause. Following his death, the earldom passed to his son, Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare, famously known as "Strongbow," who would later play a monumental role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.

Frequently Asked Questions about Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare

When was Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare born and when did he die?

He was born around 1100 (c. 1100) and died on 6 January 1148.

Who created Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare as Earl of Pembroke?

He was created Earl of Pembroke by King Stephen in 1138, during the period known as The Anarchy.

Why was the Earldom of Pembroke significant?

The Earldom of Pembroke was strategically vital due to its location in South Wales, a frontier region often contested. Granting this title helped King Stephen secure support from a powerful magnate during a civil war.

Was Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare related to "Strongbow"?

Yes, Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare, famously known as "Strongbow," was Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare's son and his successor as Earl of Pembroke.