M. A. Ayyangar, Indian lawyer and politician, 2nd Speaker of the Lok Sabha (b. 1891)

Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar: A Paragon of Indian Parliament

Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar, born on February 4, 1891, in Thiruchanoor, Chittoor district of Madras Presidency in British India, was a distinguished figure in independent India's political landscape. His journey from an educator and lawyer to the first Deputy Speaker and subsequently the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament, marks him as a pivotal statesman whose contributions spanned critical periods of nation-building. Later, he also served as the Governor of Bihar, leaving an indelible mark on various facets of public service until his passing on March 19, 1978.

Early Life, Education, and the Call for Freedom

Ayyangar's formative years were rooted in education and law. He initially pursued a career as a Mathematics teacher, a profession that honed his logical and analytical skills. He later transitioned into the legal field, practicing as a lawyer from 1915 to 1950. This period was not just about professional growth; it coincided with the fervent energy of India's struggle for independence. Deeply inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's call for Swaraj (self-rule) and non-violent resistance, Ayyangar actively plunged into the Indian Freedom Struggle. His unwavering commitment to the nation's cause led to his incarceration twice, a testament to his dedication and sacrifices during a tumultuous era in Indian history.

Journey into Legislative Leadership

His entry into legislative politics began even before India gained full independence. In 1934, Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was elected as a member of the Central Legislative Assembly, gaining crucial experience in parliamentary proceedings. With the dawn of independence, his political career flourished in the new democratic framework. He successfully contested and was elected to the first Lok Sabha in 1952, representing the Tirupathi constituency. His strong connection to his home region continued, as he was re-elected to the second Lok Sabha in 1956, this time from the Chittoor constituency. These electoral victories underscored his popular appeal and the trust voters placed in his leadership.

The Conscientious Speaker of the Lok Sabha

M.A. Ayyangar's parliamentary career reached its zenith with his elevation to the Lok Sabha's highest offices. In 1948, he was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, serving alongside the inaugural Speaker, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar. This role allowed him to play a crucial part in establishing the procedural norms and traditions of the newly formed Indian Parliament. Following Mavalankar's unfortunate demise in 1956, Ayyangar was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. As Speaker, he presided over numerous significant legislative debates and decisions, upholding the dignity and decorum of the House. A notable achievement during his speakership was the passage of the Dowry Prohibition Act in 1961, a landmark social legislation that was enacted through a rare joint session of both houses of Parliament under his guidance, reflecting a strong commitment to social justice.

Governor of Bihar and Enduring Legacy

After his distinguished tenure in the Lok Sabha, Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar continued his public service as the Governor of Bihar. He held this gubernatorial position from 1962 to 1967, contributing to the administrative and developmental progress of the state. His entire life was a testament to selfless service and dedication to the nation, whether as a teacher, lawyer, freedom fighter, parliamentarian, or governor. To honor his profound contributions and celebrated statesmanship, a life-size bronze statue of M.A. Ayyangar was erected in his hometown of Tirupathi in 2007, serving as a lasting tribute to his memory and inspiring future generations.

Frequently Asked Questions about M.A. Ayyangar

Who was Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar?

Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was a prominent Indian statesman, a freedom fighter, and a key figure in independent India's Parliament. He is best known for being the first Deputy Speaker and the second Speaker of the Lok Sabha, and later served as the Governor of Bihar.

When was M.A. Ayyangar born and when did he pass away?

He was born on February 4, 1891, and passed away on March 19, 1978.

What were his early professions?

Before entering full-time politics, he worked as a Mathematics teacher and subsequently practiced as a lawyer from 1915 to 1950.

What was his role in the Indian Freedom Struggle?

Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, Ayyangar was an active participant in the Indian Freedom Struggle and was jailed twice for his involvement.

When did he become Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

He was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha in 1948 and later became the Speaker in 1956, following the death of the first Speaker, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar.

What significant legislation was passed during his tenure as Speaker?

The Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961, a crucial social reform legislation, was passed during a joint session of Parliament while M.A. Ayyangar served as the Speaker.

Did he hold any other high-profile positions?

Yes, after his parliamentary roles, he served as the Governor of Bihar from 1962 to 1967.

Where is he commemorated?

A life-size bronze statue of Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was erected in his hometown, Tirupathi, in 2007, honoring his contributions to the nation.