Born Fannie Coralie Perkins on April 10, 1880, and known to history as **Frances Perkins**, this extraordinary American became a foundational figure in the fight for **workers' rights** and a remarkable pioneer in government. Her life, which spanned until May 14, 1965, was profoundly dedicated to ensuring fairness, security, and dignity for the American workforce, leaving an indelible mark on the nation's social and economic fabric.

A Trailblazing Career in Public Service

A steadfast member of the Democratic Party, Perkins shattered a significant glass ceiling when she was appointed the **United States Secretary of Labor** in 1933. This appointment wasn't just another cabinet position; it marked a historic moment as she became the **first woman ever to serve in a presidential cabinet**, a groundbreaking achievement that opened doors for countless women in public service and fundamentally altered the landscape of American political leadership. Her appointment came at a pivotal time, amidst the throes of the Great Depression, when the nation desperately needed innovative solutions and compassionate leadership.

Architect of the New Deal and Longest-Serving Secretary

Perkins’ loyal and enduring friendship with President **Franklin D. Roosevelt** proved instrumental throughout his unprecedented four terms. She was a key architect in shaping the transformative **New Deal** coalition, ensuring that labor issues, often marginalized in previous administrations, became a central pillar of the government's ambitious reforms. Her deep understanding of industrial conditions and her unwavering commitment to social justice made her an indispensable advisor. Indeed, her tenure as Secretary of Labor, from 1933 to 1945, makes her the **longest-serving** individual in that position in U.S. history. This incredible longevity meant she was one of only two Roosevelt cabinet members to remain in office for his entire presidency (the other being Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes), a testament to her effectiveness, dedication, and the trust the President placed in her.

Pivotal Role in Social Security and Labor Relations

Perhaps her most profound and enduring legacy arrived in 1935 with the development of **Social Security policy**. As a driving force behind this landmark legislation, Perkins helped create a vital safety net that continues to support millions of Americans today, fundamentally transforming the relationship between citizens and their government by establishing a national system of social insurance. But her influence didn't stop there; she also played a crucial role in forming government policy for working with **labor unions**. Navigating complex and often contentious relationships, she strove for industrial peace, even when some union leaders regarded her with a degree of distrust due to her progressive leanings and pragmatic approach. Her department, particularly through the **United States Conciliation Service**, tirelessly mediated strikes, striving to maintain industrial stability during a volatile era.

Guiding Labor During World War II

As the nation plunged into **World War II**, Perkins' expertise and steady hand became even more critical. She expertly managed myriad labor questions, ensuring that skilled labor remained vital to the booming war economy. This period also saw significant societal shifts, with **women moving into jobs formerly held by men** in unprecedented numbers, a transformation Perkins and her department helped facilitate and manage. Recognizing the immense contribution of women to the war effort, she championed policies that ensured their integration into the workforce while simultaneously planning for post-war readjustment.

Enduring Legacy and Modern Recognition

Decades after her passing in 1965, **Frances Perkins**' indelible impact on American life and governance continues to be recognized and celebrated. Her extraordinary life and work, marked by an unwavering commitment to human dignity and social justice, were brought to new audiences through the 2020 documentary film, *Summoned*, ensuring that her pioneering spirit and monumental achievements remain a source of inspiration for future generations.

Frequently Asked Questions About Frances Perkins

Who was Frances Perkins?

Frances Perkins was an American workers' rights advocate who made history as the **first woman** to serve in a U.S. presidential cabinet. She held the position of **United States Secretary of Labor** under President Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1945.

What was her most significant achievement?

Her most significant achievement was her pivotal role in developing and implementing the **Social Security Act of 1935**, which established a foundational social insurance program in the United States.

When did she serve as Secretary of Labor?

Frances Perkins served as Secretary of Labor for the entirety of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, from 1933 to 1945, making her the **longest-serving** individual in that role.

Why was she important to the New Deal?

As a close ally of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Perkins was instrumental in shaping the **New Deal** agenda. She ensured that **labor issues** and the welfare of workers were central to the administration's policies, contributing to landmark legislation and programs designed to alleviate the hardships of the Great Depression.

Was she the first woman in a presidential cabinet?

Yes, Frances Perkins indeed made history as the **first woman ever to serve in a U.S. presidential cabinet**, breaking a significant barrier in American politics upon her appointment as Secretary of Labor in 1933.