An Enduring Icon of Paris

Standing majestically on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France, the Eiffel Tower is not merely a structure; it is a global emblem, instantly recognizable and deeply intertwined with the identity of the French capital. Officially known as la tour Eiffel (pronounced [tuʁ‿ɛfɛl] in French, or EYE-fəl in English), this magnificent wrought-iron lattice tower bears the name of the visionary engineer whose company brought it to life: Gustave Eiffel.

Origins and Construction for the World's Fair

Locally and affectionately dubbed "La dame de fer", which translates to "The Iron Lady," by Parisians, its genesis dates back to the late 19th century. Construction commenced in 1887 and concluded in a remarkably short two years, by 1889. Its grand purpose was to serve as the dazzling centerpiece and entrance arch for the 1889 Exposition Universelle, a spectacular world's fair held in Paris from May 5 to October 31. This particular exposition, the fourth of eight hosted in the city between 1855 and 1937, drew an astounding more than thirty-two million visitors, for whom the Tower quickly became the undeniable highlight. The vision for the tower was audacious, designed to showcase France's industrial prowess and engineering capabilities at a time of great innovation.

From Controversy to Cultural Icon

Despite its eventual global adoration, the Tower's bold, industrial design was not universally praised at its inception. Some of France's leading artists and intellectuals voiced strong criticism, viewing it as an unsightly, utilitarian intrusion on the elegant Parisian skyline. They penned protests, fearing its colossal presence would overshadow the city's classical beauty. Yet, time has a way of altering perspectives. The Eiffel Tower transcended its initial detractors to become not only a beloved symbol of France but one of the most celebrated and visited structures on Earth. Its status as a cultural icon is profound, drawing millions annually, making it the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world. In 2015 alone, a remarkable 6.91 million people ascended its heights.

An Engineering Marvel and Record-Breaker

Standing at an impressive 330 meters (approximately 1,083 feet) tall, the Eiffel Tower reigns as the tallest structure in Paris, its height comparable to an 81-storey building. Its distinctive square base measures 125 meters (410 feet) on each side, a testament to its robust design. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower achieved a monumental feat, surpassing the Washington Monument to claim the prestigious title of the world's tallest man-made structure. It held this record for an impressive 41 years until the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York City in 1930. Furthermore, it proudly became the very first structure globally to break both the 200-meter and 300-meter height barriers, marking significant milestones in architectural ambition. While the Chrysler Building initially surpassed it in height, the Eiffel Tower reclaimed a subtle edge in 1957 with the strategic addition of a broadcasting aerial at its summit, making it 5.2 meters (17 feet) taller than its American counterpart once again. Today, when excluding transmitters, it remains France's second tallest free-standing structure, gracefully ceding only to the monumental Millau Viaduct.

The Visitor Experience

For visitors, the Tower offers three distinct levels, each providing a unique perspective of the city. The first and second levels host delightful restaurants, perfect for a memorable Parisian dining experience, offering panoramic views alongside exquisite cuisine. The highest accessible point for the public is the upper platform of the top level, soaring 276 meters (906 feet) above the ground – making it the highest observation deck open to the public in the entire European Union. Ascending this magnificent structure is an adventure in itself. Tickets can be purchased for either a leisurely climb via stairs or a swift ride by lift to the first and second levels. For those who choose the stairs, be prepared for a substantial ascent: over 300 steps separate ground level from the first, and a similar number takes you from the first to the second. While a staircase does exist all the way to the top level, public access is generally restricted to the lifts for safety and convenience, ensuring a smooth and breathtaking journey to the summit.

Enduring Legacy and Recognition

The enduring significance of the Eiffel Tower has been officially recognized over time. It was formally designated a Monument historique (Historical Monument) in France in 1964, securing its preservation for future generations. Further cementing its global importance, the Tower was included as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site designation "Paris, Banks of the Seine" in 1991, acknowledging its outstanding universal value alongside other iconic Parisian landmarks. Its robust wrought-iron structure has stood the test of time, an enduring symbol of French innovation, art, and engineering.

Frequently Asked Questions About the Eiffel Tower

When was the Eiffel Tower built and why?

The Eiffel Tower was constructed between 1887 and 1889. Its primary purpose was to serve as the grand entrance arch and centerpiece for the 1889 Exposition Universelle, or World's Fair, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution.

Who designed the Eiffel Tower?

The tower was designed by the French engineer Gustave Eiffel, and his company was responsible for its construction.

What is its local nickname?

Locally, Parisians affectionately call it "La dame de fer," which translates to "The Iron Lady."

How tall is the Eiffel Tower?

The Eiffel Tower stands at 330 meters (1,083 feet) tall, including its broadcasting aerial. Without the aerial, it is 300 meters (984 feet) tall.

Can visitors go to the very top?

Yes, visitors can access the top level's upper platform, which is 276 meters (906 feet) above the ground. Access to the top is typically by lift only, though stairs lead to the first and second levels.

How many steps are there to climb the Eiffel Tower?

There are over 300 steps from the ground level to the first level, and another 300-plus steps from the first to the second level. While a staircase continues to the top, it is usually closed to the public for safety reasons.

Is the Eiffel Tower a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

Yes, the Eiffel Tower was named part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Paris, Banks of the Seine" in 1991, recognizing its cultural and historical significance.

What materials were used to build the Eiffel Tower?

The Eiffel Tower is famously a wrought-iron lattice tower, constructed using puddle iron, which is a very pure form of iron, and assembled with rivets.