Jahanara Begum, Mughal princess (d. 1681)

Jahanara Begum, born on March 23, 1614, was a towering figure in the annals of the Mughal Empire, a princess who transcended the traditional roles to wield immense power and influence. The second child, and notably the eldest surviving offspring, of the illustrious Emperor Shah Jahan and his beloved Mumtaz Mahal, Jahanara’s life was intertwined with some of the most dramatic events of 17th-century India until her passing on September 16, 1681.

The Ascent of a Royal Daughter: Padshah Begum

Tragedy struck the imperial family in 1631 with the untimely death of Mumtaz Mahal, a devastating loss that profoundly impacted Shah Jahan. In this moment of profound grief and political necessity, the mantle of the First Lady of the Mughal Empire, the revered title of Padshah Begum, was conferred upon a then 17-year-old Jahanara Begum. This was a remarkable decision, especially considering that her father, Emperor Shah Jahan, had three other surviving wives. It underscored his immense trust and affection for his daughter. Entrusted with the charge of the royal seal, a symbol of immense administrative authority, Jahanara’s position was solidified. She quickly became known as Shah Jahan’s favourite daughter, and her political acumen was evident as she wielded major influence throughout his reign, earning her the contemporary description as "the most powerful woman in the empire."

Political Intrigue and Devotion to Family

The latter years of Shah Jahan’s rule were marred by a brutal war of succession among his sons, a common, often bloody, occurrence in Mughal history. Jahanara Begum was an ardent and unwavering supporter of her elder brother, Dara Shikoh, whom she saw as her father's rightful successor. When Shah Jahan fell ill in 1657, igniting the succession conflict, Jahanara firmly sided with the heir-apparent Dara. However, destiny had a different path planned, and the ambitious Aurangzeb eventually triumphed. In a heartbreaking turn of events, Shah Jahan was placed under house arrest in the majestic Agra Fort. Demonstrating an unparalleled sense of devotion and loyalty, Jahanara chose to join her father in his confinement, where she remained by his side, providing comfort and care, until his death in 1666.

Reconciliation and Legacy

Following her father’s passing, Jahanara Begum, with remarkable statesmanship, reconciled with her victorious brother, Aurangzeb. Recognizing her stature and influence, Aurangzeb honored her with the prestigious title 'Empress of Princesses' and reinstated her as the First Lady, replacing her younger sister, Princess Roshanara Begum, who had previously held the position during the initial years of Aurangzeb’s reign. Jahanara continued to serve the empire with dignity until her own death in 1681, remaining unmarried throughout her life. Beyond her political and familial roles, Jahanara was also a patron of arts and a scholar in her own right. She authored a significant work titled 'Munis al arwah' (Confidant of Spirits), a profound biography of the revered Sufi saint, Shaikh Muinuddin Chisti, showcasing her spiritual depth and intellectual pursuits. Her life stands as a testament to the strength, intelligence, and enduring spirit of women in power within the elaborate framework of the Mughal Empire.

Frequently Asked Questions about Jahanara Begum

Who was Jahanara Begum?

Jahanara Begum was a prominent Mughal princess and the eldest surviving child of Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal. She served as the Padshah Begum (First Lady) of the Mughal Empire for much of her adult life and was one of the most powerful women of her era.

When was Jahanara Begum born and when did she die?

She was born on March 23, 1614, and passed away on September 16, 1681.

What was her role in the Mughal Empire?

As Padshah Begum, Jahanara Begum held significant political influence, advised her father Shah Jahan, and was entrusted with the royal seal. She managed imperial finances and properties and was considered "the most powerful woman in the empire."

What was her relationship with Shah Jahan?

She was her father's favorite daughter and remained deeply devoted to him, even choosing to join him under house arrest in Agra Fort after his deposition by Aurangzeb, caring for him until his death.

Did Jahanara Begum get married?

No, Jahanara Begum remained unmarried throughout her life.

What book did Jahanara Begum write?

She authored 'Munis al arwah' (Confidant of Spirits), a biography of the esteemed Sufi saint, Shaikh Muinuddin Chisti.

Who was Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb in relation to Jahanara?

Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb were her brothers, and she famously supported Dara Shikoh in the war of succession for the throne of the Mughal Empire.