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April 30 in History

Historical Events on April 30

311
The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
313
Battle of Tzirallum: Emperor Licinius defeats Maximinus II and unifies the Eastern Roman Empire.
642
Chindasuinth is proclaimed king by the Visigothic nobility and bishops.
1315
Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
1492
Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration.
1513
Edmund de la Pole, Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of Henry VIII.
1557
Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.
1598
Juan de Oñate makes a formal declaration of his Conquest of New Mexico.
1598
Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots.
1636
Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege.
1671
Petar Zrinski, the Croatian Ban from the Zrinski family, is executed.
1789
On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington takes the oath of office to become the first elected President of the United States.
1803
Louisiana Purchase: The United States purchases the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, more than doubling the size of the young nation.
1812
The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U.S. state under the name Louisiana.
1838
Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.
1863
A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.
1871
The Camp Grant massacre takes place in Arizona Territory.
1885
Governor of New York David B. Hill signs legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York's first state park, ensuring that Niagara Falls will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.
1897
J. J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle, over 1,800 times smaller than a proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the Royal Institution in London.[1]
1900
Hawaii becomes a territory of the United States, with Sanford B. Dole as governor.
1904
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair opens in St. Louis, Missouri.
1905
Albert Einstein writes his thesis Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen ("A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions").
1907
Honolulu, Hawaii becomes an independent city.
1925
Automaker Dodge Brothers, Inc is sold to Dillon, Read & Co. for US$146 million plus $50 million for charity.
1927
The Federal Industrial Institute for Women opens in Alderson, West Virginia, as the first women's federal prison in the United States.
1927
Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford become the first celebrities to leave their footprints in concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood.
1937
The Commonwealth of the Philippines holds a plebiscite for Filipino women on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative.
1938
The animated cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt debuts in movie theaters, introducing Happy Rabbit (a prototype of Bugs Bunny).
1939
The 1939-40 New York World's Fair opens.
1939
NBC inaugurates its regularly scheduled television service in New York City, broadcasting President Franklin D. Roosevelt's N.Y. World's Fair opening day ceremonial address.
1943
World War II: The British submarine HMS Seraph surfaces near Huelva to cast adrift a dead man dressed as a courier and carrying false invasion plans.
1945
World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide after being married for less than 40 hours. Soviet soldiers raise the Victory Banner over the Reichstag building.
1945
World War II: Stalag Luft I prisoner-of-war camp near Barth, Germany is liberated by Soviet soldiers, freeing nearly 9000 American and British airmen.
1947
In Nevada, Boulder Dam is renamed Hoover Dam for the second time.
1948
In Bogotá, Colombia, the Organization of American States is established.
1956
Former Vice President and Democratic Senator Alben Barkley dies during a speech in Virginia.
1957
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery entered into force.
1961
K-19, the first Soviet nuclear submarine equipped with nuclear missiles, is commissioned.
1963
The Bristol Bus Boycott is held in Bristol to protest the Bristol Omnibus Company's refusal to employ Black or Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in the United Kingdom.
1973
Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that White House Counsel John Dean has been fired and that other top aides, most notably H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, have resigned.
1975
Fall of Saigon: Communist forces gain control of Saigon. The Vietnam War formally ends with the unconditional surrender of South Vietnamese president Dương Văn Minh.
1980
The Iranian Embassy siege begins in London.
1982
The Bijon Setu massacre occurs in Calcutta.
1992
Nickelodeon Studios in Orlando, Florida bury a time capsule to be opened in 2042; 50 years after its burial.
1993
CERN announces World Wide Web protocols will be free.
1994
Formula One racing driver Roland Ratzenberger is killed in a crash during the qualifying session of the San Marino Grand Prix run at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari outside Imola, Italy.
1997
Ellen DeGeneres came out as gay. Her sitcom, Ellen, became one of first major television shows featuring an openly gay main character.
2000
Canonization of Faustina Kowalska in the presence of 200,000 people and the first Divine Mercy Sunday celebrated worldwide.
2004
U.S. media release graphic photos of American soldiers abusing and sexually humiliating Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison.
2008
Two skeletal remains found near Yekaterinburg, Russia are confirmed by Russian scientists to be the remains of Alexei and Anastasia, two of the children of the last Tsar of Russia, whose entire family was executed at Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks.
2009
Chrysler files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
2009
Seven civilians and the perpetrator are killed and another ten injured at a Queen's Day parade in Apeldoorn, Netherlands in an attempted assassination on Queen Beatrix.
2012
An overloaded ferry capsizes on the Brahmaputra River in India killing at least 103 people.
2014
A bomb blast in Ürümqi kills three people and injures 79 others.

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