Edward Upward, English author and educator (b. 1903)

Edward Falaise Upward, FRSL (9 September 1903 – 13 February 2009) was an eminent British novelist and short story writer whose remarkable literary career spanned over eighty years. Renowned for his intellectual depth and stylistic evolution, Upward held the unique distinction of being believed to be the United Kingdom’s oldest living author prior to his passing at the impressive age of 105.

His journey through the literary landscape was marked by significant shifts, reflecting both personal conviction and the tumultuous socio-political climate of the 20th century. From his early days as a groundbreaking surrealist to his later commitment to Marxist realism, Upward's writing consistently offered profound insights into the human condition and societal structures.

The Auden Group and Early Surrealist Explorations

Edward Upward first garnered significant recognition and influence among a distinguished circle of writers known as the "Auden Group" or the "Thirties Poets." This influential cohort included literary giants such as W.H. Auden, Stephen Spender, Christopher Isherwood, and C. Day-Lewis. Upward's early work, particularly his short stories, captivated this group with their highly imaginative and often unsettling surrealist narratives.

His prose during this period was characterized by dream-like sequences, unconventional logic, and a keen exploration of the subconscious, frequently offering allegorical commentaries on society. Works like 'The Railway Accident' (written in 1928, published in *New Country* in 1933) exemplify his command of this genre, where reality and fantasy intertwined to create a unique and thought-provoking reading experience. This surrealist phase not only established his reputation but also significantly influenced his contemporaries, with W.H. Auden notably acknowledging Upward's impact on his early poetic development.

A Shift Towards Marxist Realism and Political Commitment

The 1930s marked a profound turning point in Edward Upward's life and literary trajectory. Amidst the economic depression, rising fascism, and widespread social unrest of the era, many intellectuals sought ideological solutions to the world’s problems. In 1932, Upward made the pivotal decision to join the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).

This political commitment irrevocably altered his artistic direction. He consciously moved away from the introspective and often abstract nature of surrealism towards what he termed "Marxist realism." This new approach championed literature that served a clear social purpose, focusing on the lives and struggles of the working class, critiquing capitalism, and advocating for socialist ideals. Rather than pure propaganda, Upward sought to create art that was accessible, truthful, and politically engaged, aiming to inspire awareness and action.

His most significant contribution to Marxist realism is undoubtedly *The Spiral Ascent*, a semi-autobiographical trilogy published between 1977 and 1984. This ambitious work meticulously chronicles the intellectual and personal dilemmas of a socialist writer, Alan Sebrill, grappling with his artistic integrity, political convictions, and the challenges of maintaining hope and purpose through decades of political disappointment and personal sacrifice.

A Legacy of Longevity and Intellectual Integrity

Edward Upward's literary journey is remarkable not only for its ideological shifts but also for its sheer longevity. Spanning over eight decades, from his earliest contributions in the late 1920s to his final publications in the early 21st century, his career stands as a testament to enduring creativity and unwavering intellectual integrity. His election as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature (FRSL) further underscored his significant contributions to British letters.

Even in his later years, Upward remained a keen observer of society and a dedicated writer, offering a unique historical perspective on the major political and artistic movements of the 20th century. His work continues to be studied for its literary merit, its historical insights, and its powerful exploration of the complex relationship between art, politics, and personal belief.

Frequently Asked Questions about Edward Upward

What distinguished Edward Upward's early writing?

Edward Upward's early writing was primarily distinguished by its highly imaginative and often unsettling surrealist style. Associated with the "Auden Group," his short stories, like 'The Railway Accident,' featured dream-like narratives, unconventional logic, and allegorical social commentary, exploring the subconscious and intertwining reality with fantasy.

Why did Edward Upward join the Communist Party of Great Britain?

He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1932 during the tumultuous 1930s, a period marked by economic depression, rising fascism, and social unrest. Like many intellectuals of his time, Upward sought an ideological solution to societal problems, leading him to embrace Communism and commit his writing to socialist ideals.

How did Edward Upward's writing change after joining the CPGB?

After joining the CPGB, Edward Upward's writing shifted from surrealism to "Marxist realism." This new direction focused on literature with a clear social purpose, portraying the lives and struggles of the working class, critiquing capitalism, and advocating for socialist change, in contrast to his earlier abstract and introspective style.

What is considered Edward Upward's most significant work?

Edward Upward's most significant work is widely considered to be *The Spiral Ascent*. This semi-autobiographical trilogy, published between 1977 and 1984, delves into the intellectual and personal challenges faced by a socialist writer, meticulously exploring his artistic integrity, political convictions, and the enduring quest for purpose amidst political and personal struggles.