Lew Wallace, American general and politician, 11th Governor of New Mexico Territory (b. 1827)

Lewis Wallace: A Visionary American Statesman, General, and Acclaimed Author

Born on April 10, 1827, and passing on February 15, 1905, Lewis Wallace was a truly multifaceted American figure from Indiana whose career spanned an impressive array of fields. He distinguished himself as a skilled lawyer, a decorated Union general during the tumultuous American Civil War, an impactful governor of the New Mexico Territory, a shrewd politician, an insightful diplomat, and, most famously, a prolific author. His life journey encapsulated the dynamic spirit of 19th-century America, leaving an indelible mark on its history and culture.

The Enduring Literary Triumph: Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ

Among his significant body of literary works, which included several novels and biographies, Wallace is overwhelmingly celebrated for his magnum opus: the historical adventure novel, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. Published in 1880, this epic narrative quickly ascended to become an international sensation, transforming into one of the bestselling novels of its era. Its profound impact led many to proclaim it "the most influential Christian book of the nineteenth century." The novel's vivid portrayal of ancient Rome and Judea, coupled with its powerful themes of faith, redemption, and revenge, captivated millions worldwide. Ben-Hur achieved unprecedented sales for its time, eventually being translated into numerous languages. Its enduring popularity is evidenced by its repeated adaptations across various media, including the monumental 1959 film starring Charlton Heston, which garnered an astounding 11 Academy Awards, solidifying its place in cinematic history and popular culture.

A Distinguished Military Career

Wallace's commitment to his country was evident through his extensive military service, beginning with the Mexican–American War, which provided him with crucial early experience in combat and leadership. His military contributions, however, reached their zenith during the American Civil War.

• Early Civil War Service: Appointed Indiana's adjutant general, Wallace swiftly rose to command the 11th Indiana Infantry Regiment, playing a vital role in organizing and leading Union forces from his home state.
• Battle of Fort Donelson (February 1862): As a brigadier general, Wallace's division played a crucial role in the Union victory at Fort Donelson, Tennessee. His leadership was instrumental in cutting off the Confederate escape route and securing a significant strategic success for the Union.
• Battle of Shiloh (April 1862): Wallace participated in the Battle of Shiloh, one of the bloodiest early engagements of the war. While initially criticized for a delayed arrival of his division, later historical accounts and Wallace's own persistent defense largely vindicated him, confirming his efforts to reach the battlefield as quickly as possible under confusing orders and difficult terrain.
• Battle of Monocacy (July 1864): Having attained the rank of major general, Wallace achieved one of his most celebrated military feats at the Battle of Monocacy, Maryland. Leading a smaller, hastily assembled force, he fought a crucial delaying action against Confederate General Jubal Early's veteran troops advancing on Washington D.C. Though a tactical defeat, Wallace's tenacious stand bought precious time for the Union capital's defenses to be reinforced, earning him the enduring epithet, "The Savior of Washington."

Beyond the battlefields, Wallace served with distinction on the military commission responsible for the trials of the conspirators involved in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Furthermore, he presided over the trial of Captain Henry Wirz, the infamous Confederate commandant of the notorious Andersonville prison camp, a role that underscored his commitment to justice during a deeply fractured period.

Post-War Public Service and Diplomatic Engagements

Upon resigning from the U.S. Army in November 1865, Wallace briefly offered his military expertise as a major general in the Mexican army before returning to the United States. His public service continued in significant civilian capacities:

• Governor of the New Mexico Territory (1878–1881): During his tenure as governor, Wallace was thrust into the heart of the infamous Lincoln County War, a violent conflict involving rival factions and figures like Billy the Kid. He played a direct role in attempting to quell the lawlessness, even meeting personally with Billy the Kid and offering amnesty in exchange for testimony. His efforts contributed significantly to restoring order in the turbulent territory.
• U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire (1881–1885): Wallace then served as the United States' chief diplomatic representative to the Ottoman Empire, based in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul). This appointment offered him a unique perspective on the Middle East, a region that would profoundly influence his later writings and further broaden his understanding of diverse cultures and histories. It was during this period that he continued his literary pursuits, drawing inspiration from his exotic surroundings.

Lewis Wallace ultimately retired to his cherished home in Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he devoted his remaining years to his passion for writing until his death in 1905. His legacy remains that of an extraordinary individual who seamlessly blended military prowess, political leadership, and literary genius, forever linking his name with one of the most beloved and influential novels in American literature.

Frequently Asked Questions About Lewis Wallace

Who was Lewis Wallace?

Lewis Wallace was a prominent American figure (1827–1905) known for his diverse career as a lawyer, Union general during the American Civil War, governor of the New Mexico Territory, diplomat, and acclaimed author, particularly of the novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ.

What is Lewis Wallace most famous for?

He is most famous for his 1880 historical novel, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, which became a global bestseller and is often cited as the most influential Christian book of the 19th century, inspiring numerous adaptations, including the Oscar-winning 1959 film.

What was Lewis Wallace's role in the American Civil War?

Wallace served as a Union major general, participating in key battles such as Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and most notably, the Battle of Monocacy, where his strategic delay saved Washington D.C. He also served on the military commission for the Lincoln assassination trials and presided over the trial of Andersonville commandant Henry Wirz.

Did Lewis Wallace have political experience?

Yes, Wallace served as the governor of the New Mexico Territory from 1878 to 1881, where he notably intervened in the Lincoln County War. He later became the U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire from 1881 to 1885, serving as America's top diplomat in the region.

When did Lewis Wallace die?

Lewis Wallace passed away on February 15, 1905, at his home in Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he continued to write until his final days.