John Sharp, English archbishop (d. 1714)

John Sharp (February 16, 1645 – February 2, 1714) was a distinguished English divine and influential ecclesiastical leader who profoundly shaped the Church of England during a pivotal era. Best known for his dedicated service as the Archbishop of York, Sharp's career spanned a period of significant religious and political upheaval, from the Restoration of the Monarchy through the Glorious Revolution and into the early Hanoverian succession.

Early Life and Ecclesiastical Foundation

Born into a prominent family in Bradford, Yorkshire, John Sharp received his education at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1660. His intellectual prowess and commitment to theological studies quickly became evident, laying the groundwork for a distinguished career within the Church. Ordained in 1667, Sharp rapidly rose through the ranks, serving as chaplain to various influential figures, including Heneage Finch, the Attorney General and later Lord Chancellor. His early appointments, such as the Rectory of St Giles in the Fields, London, provided him with a platform to develop his pastoral skills and articulate his theological views, which were characterized by a blend of scholarly rigor and moderate High Church principles.

Archbishop of York: A Steadfast Leader

John Sharp was consecrated as the Archbishop of York in 1691, a role he held until his death in 1714. His tenure as the second most senior cleric in the Church of England was marked by a commitment to maintaining the integrity and stability of the Anglican Church amidst challenging times. His appointment occurred in the wake of the Glorious Revolution (1688), which saw the deposition of James II and the ascension of William III and Mary II, leading to significant schisms within the church, particularly among those who refused to swear allegiance to the new monarchs (the Nonjurors). Archbishop Sharp, however, embraced the new settlement, playing a crucial role in reconciling different factions and ensuring the continued functioning of the Church.

• Defender of the Church: Sharp was a staunch defender of the Church of England's doctrines and practices. He actively worked to counter dissenting movements and Roman Catholic influences, while simultaneously advocating for pastoral care and sound preaching within his diocese.
• Advisor to the Crown: He served as a trusted advisor to both King William III and, notably, Queen Anne, for whom he had previously served as a spiritual mentor and tutor to her son, William, Duke of Gloucester. His close relationship with Queen Anne granted him considerable influence in ecclesiastical appointments and policy decisions.
• Scholar and Patron: Renowned for his scholarship, Sharp amassed an extensive library, reflecting his wide-ranging intellectual interests. He was also a patron of learning and encouraged theological education among his clergy.
• Moderating Influence: In an era often characterized by fierce theological disputes, Sharp was known for his moderation and prudence, often acting as a bridge between the High Church and Low Church parties, promoting unity and peace within the Anglican communion.

Legacy and Enduring Influence

John Sharp's legacy is that of a principled and influential leader who navigated the Church of England through a period of immense change with wisdom and resolve. His commitment to the Anglican establishment, combined with his intellectual capabilities and pastoral sensitivity, cemented his place as one of the most significant English divines of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. His work helped to stabilize the Church after the political and religious turmoil of the preceding decades, laying a foundation for its future development.

Frequently Asked Questions About Archbishop John Sharp

When was John Sharp born and when did he pass away?

John Sharp was born on February 16, 1645, and died on February 2, 1714.

What was John Sharp's most prominent ecclesiastical role?

His most prominent role was serving as the Archbishop of York, a position he held from 1691 until his death in 1714.

Which monarchs did Archbishop Sharp serve under?

He served during the reigns of King William III and Queen Mary II, and later became a close advisor to Queen Anne, having previously tutored her son.

What were some of John Sharp's key characteristics as a church leader?

Archbishop Sharp was known for his deep scholarship, his principled defense of the Church of England, and his moderating influence in an era of significant religious and political division. He was also a dedicated pastor and a keen advocate for theological education.