John Basilone, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1916)

The Unyielding Spirit of John Basilone: A World War II Hero

Born on November 4, 1916, John Basilone etched his name into the annals of American military history as a United States Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant whose extraordinary valor transcended the call of duty. He remains a singular figure in World War II, being the only enlisted Marine to be awarded both the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, and the Navy Cross, the latter bestowed posthumously.

Early Life and Dedicated Service

Basilone’s path to becoming a legendary Marine began well before the global conflict erupted. He initially served three years in the United States Army, gaining invaluable experience during his duty in the Philippines. This foundational military background paved the way for his transition to the Marine Corps, which he joined on June 3, 1940. His initial Marine deployment took him to Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, a crucial training ground that would prepare him for the intense challenges ahead.

The Crucible of Guadalcanal: Medal of Honor Heroism

The true test of his mettle came during the brutal Guadalcanal campaign. In August 1942, Basilone and his fellow Marines were thrust into the heart of the Pacific theater, tasked with seizing control of the vital Henderson Field. It was in October of that year, amidst the fierce fighting for the airfield, that Gunnery Sergeant Basilone's actions earned him the Medal of Honor. During a relentless Japanese assault by a numerically superior force, Basilone and the two machine gun sections under his command found themselves at the forefront of the defense. As the enemy pressed forward, machine guns were knocked out, and ammunition ran critically low. With unwavering courage, Basilone moved between gun emplacements, single-handedly carrying heavy machine gun parts and ammunition through intense enemy fire. He tirelessly kept the remaining guns firing, at one point engaging the enemy with a pistol and a machete when the situation became desperate. His personal bravery and leadership inspired his men to hold their ground against overwhelming odds. Out of that valiant group, Basilone was one of only three Marines who survived the night, his extraordinary heroism pivotal in repelling the enemy attack and securing the position.

Iwo Jima and the Ultimate Sacrifice: A Posthumous Navy Cross

Following his remarkable actions on Guadalcanal, Basilone returned home to a hero's welcome. Despite the acclaim and the opportunity for a safer role, his unwavering commitment to his fellow Marines and the war effort compelled him to request a return to combat. In February 1945, he landed on the volcanic sands of Iwo Jima, part of one of the war's most iconic and deadliest battles. On the very first day of the invasion, Gunnery Sergeant Basilone once again displayed awe-inspiring courage. Single-handedly, he charged a heavily fortified Japanese blockhouse, destroying it with grenades and demolitions. Then, under merciless enemy fire, he guided a Marine tank safely through a treacherous minefield, ensuring its vital support reached the front lines. Tragically, shortly after his last heroic act, Basilone was killed in action. His profound sacrifice and exceptional bravery during the Battle of Iwo Jima earned him the Navy Cross posthumously, solidifying his unique legacy as the only enlisted Marine in World War II to receive both of these distinguished decorations.

An Enduring Legacy of Valor

The name John Basilone resonates through military history as a symbol of courage, resilience, and selfless service. His impact extends beyond his medals; he embodies the spirit of the United States Marine Corps. Numerous honors have been bestowed upon him, ensuring his memory lives on for generations. Base streets and various military facilities bear his name, serving as daily reminders of his sacrifices. Furthermore, two United States Navy destroyers have been named in his honor, a testament to the profound respect and admiration he continues to command within the armed forces and across the nation.

Frequently Asked Questions About John Basilone

Who was John Basilone?

John Basilone was a highly decorated United States Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant who served with exceptional bravery during World War II, famously earning both the Medal of Honor and the Navy Cross.

What made John Basilone unique in World War II?

He holds the distinction of being the only enlisted Marine in World War II to receive both the Medal of Honor, for heroism on Guadalcanal, and the Navy Cross, awarded posthumously for his actions on Iwo Jima.

What were his key acts of heroism?

On Guadalcanal, he held off a superior Japanese force, moving under fire to maintain machine gun operations and fighting with a pistol and machete. On Iwo Jima, he single-handedly destroyed a Japanese blockhouse and guided a tank through a minefield under heavy fire.

When did he debut in military service?

He first enlisted in the United States Army on June 3, 1940, after serving three years with the Army in the Philippines.

What honors did John Basilone receive?

His primary honors include the Medal of Honor and the Navy Cross. He has also been honored with military facilities, base streets, and two U.S. Navy destroyers named after him.

When and where did John Basilone die?

John Basilone was tragically killed in action on February 19, 1945, on the first day of the invasion of Iwo Jima.