Norbert Glanzberg, Polish-French composer (b. 1910)

Born on October 12, 1910, in Rohatyn, then part of Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine), Norbert Glanzberg emerged as a significant Galician-born French composer whose life and work were profoundly shaped by the tumultuous 20th century. His early professional journey took him to Germany during his twenties, a vibrant cultural hub where he began to make a name for himself in the burgeoning film industry. Here, he collaborated with some of cinema's rising stars, composing scores for directors as legendary as Billy Wilder and Max Ophüls. This period laid the foundation for his versatile career, showcasing his talent for creating evocative musical landscapes for the screen.

However, the escalating political climate in Germany forced a dramatic shift in Glanzberg’s life. With the Nazi regime seizing power in 1933, his Jewish heritage made his position untenable, compelling him to flee to the relative safety of Paris. The vibrant French capital became his new home, a haven where he quickly immersed himself in the city's lively music scene. He found work performing in nightclubs, often under the leadership of jazz luminaries like the iconic Django Reinhardt. It was within these smoky, atmospheric Parisian venues that a pivotal meeting occurred: Glanzberg encountered the legendary chanteuse, Édith Piaf, a connection that would indelibly mark both his personal and professional life.

From 1939 to 1945, the years overshadowed by World War II and the Nazi occupation, Glanzberg’s bond with Piaf deepened dramatically. He frequently toured with her, not only accompanying her on piano during her performances but also composing many of her most famous and enduring songs. Their professional collaboration blossomed into a profound personal relationship, and for much of this period, they were lovers. More than just a musical partner, Piaf became Glanzberg’s literal savior. As the Vichy government collaborated with the Nazis in rounding up Jews for deportation, and later as the direct Nazi occupation intensified, Piaf repeatedly risked her own life to hide Glanzberg, shielding him from both the French police and the Gestapo. Their story stands as a testament to human courage and solidarity amidst unimaginable persecution, highlighting the stark realities faced by Jewish artists in wartime Europe.

With the war's end, Norbert Glanzberg continued his prolific output, particularly in France. He resumed his work composing scores for numerous French films, cementing his reputation as a sought-after film composer. Beyond the silver screen, his passion for classical music flourished. His post-war compositions included a range of works, from evocative songs inspired by his earlier experiences in Berlin to deeply romantic classical pieces. His versatility and emotional depth continued to characterize his musical voice. Nearing the culmination of his long and distinguished career, Glanzberg penned a notable concerto for two pianos in 1985. This work drew inspiration from the rich literary tapestry of Isaac Bashevis Singer’s novels, showcasing his intellectual curiosity and his ability to integrate diverse artistic influences into his music.

Frequently Asked Questions about Norbert Glanzberg

Who was Norbert Glanzberg?

Norbert Glanzberg was a Galician-born French composer, best known for his film scores and songs, particularly those written for Édith Piaf. His life was significantly impacted by World War II and the Nazi regime, which forced him to flee Germany.

What was Glanzberg's connection to Édith Piaf?

Glanzberg was a close collaborator and lover of Édith Piaf during the World War II era. He toured with her, accompanied her on piano, and composed many of her famous songs. Piaf also famously saved his life multiple times by hiding him from Nazi and Vichy authorities.

Why did he flee Germany?

As a Jewish composer, Glanzberg fled Germany in 1933 when the Nazi regime came to power, seeking refuge in Paris from the escalating persecution.

What kind of music did Norbert Glanzberg compose?

Glanzberg was a versatile composer, primarily known for his film music and popular songs. He also composed classical music, including works inspired by Berlin, romantic classics, and a concerto for two pianos late in his career.

Did he work with other famous artists or directors?

Yes, early in his career in Germany, he scored films for notable directors like Billy Wilder and Max Ophüls. In Paris, he performed with jazz great Django Reinhardt and, of course, had a profound partnership with Édith Piaf.