Josef Mysliveček, Czech composer (b. 1737)

Josef Mysliveček (Prague, Bohemia, 9 March 1737 – Rome, Papal States, 4 February 1781), widely celebrated in Italy as "Il Boemo" (The Bohemian), was a prolific and influential Czech composer whose significant contributions helped shape the nascent period of late eighteenth-century classicism in music. His short yet impactful life, spanning just 43 years, saw him become a leading figure in the European musical landscape, particularly renowned for his operatic works.

Mysliveček's musical style, characterized by its elegant melodies, clear structures, and expressive harmonies, served as crucial compositional models for his younger contemporary, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Their relationship, initially one of profound mutual respect and friendship, developed through shared musical interests and professional encounters. Mysliveček's influence on Mozart is particularly evident in the genres of symphony, Italian serious opera (opera seria), and violin concerto. Scholars suggest that Mozart keenly studied Mysliveček's works, absorbing elements such as the lyrical quality of his slow movements and the vibrant 'singing allegro' style that became a hallmark of the Classical era.

The deep personal connection between Mysliveček and the Mozart family began during their first meetings in Bologna in 1770, a pivotal time when young Wolfgang was on his grand Italian tour, studying with the esteemed Padre Giovanni Battista Martini. Mysliveček, already an established and celebrated composer in Italy, became an intimate friend to both Wolfgang and his father, Leopold Mozart, frequently offering guidance and support to the budding genius. This close bond is vividly documented through the extensive Mozart correspondence, which includes numerous references to Mysliveček, initially reflecting admiration and later, significant disillusionment.

Tragically, this close friendship was irrevocably strained when Mysliveček betrayed the Mozarts' trust over a promised operatic commission for Wolfgang at the prestigious Teatro San Carlo in Naples. This was a critical opportunity for the young Mozart to secure a major commission at one of Europe's most esteemed opera houses, a prospect that could have significantly advanced his career. However, Mysliveček, despite his considerable influence, failed to secure the engagement, leading to profound disappointment and a bitter rift with the Mozart family. While the precise reasons for this failure remain debated—ranging from professional jealousy to Mysliveček's own severe health issues and mounting personal difficulties—the impact on the Mozarts was undeniably devastating.

Josef Mysliveček's legacy, though often overshadowed by Mozart's monumental genius, is increasingly recognized for its originality and its foundational role in the development of the Classical style. His vast output of operas, symphonies, and concertos continues to be rediscovered and performed, affirming his status as a key figure in Czech and European musical history.

Frequently Asked Questions about Josef Mysliveček

Who was Josef Mysliveček?

Josef Mysliveček, known as "Il Boemo" (The Bohemian), was a prominent Czech composer of the late 18th century Classical period. He spent most of his professional life in Italy, where he achieved significant fame, especially for his operas.

What was Josef Mysliveček's contribution to music?

Mysliveček was instrumental in the formation of Classical music, developing the styles and forms characteristic of the era. He was particularly influential in Italian serious opera (opera seria), composing over 26 operas, alongside a prolific output of symphonies, violin concertos, oratorios, and chamber music. His music provided important models for other composers, including Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

How was Josef Mysliveček connected to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?

Mysliveček and the Mozart family shared a close friendship starting from their first meeting in Bologna in 1770. Mysliveček served as an important musical mentor and inspiration for the younger Mozart, providing significant compositional models in genres like the symphony and opera. Their relationship, extensively documented in the Mozart correspondence, was initially one of deep mutual respect.

Why did the relationship between Mysliveček and the Mozarts sour?

The friendship deteriorated dramatically after Mysliveček failed to secure a promised operatic commission for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the prestigious Teatro San Carlo in Naples. This perceived betrayal, which dashed Mozart's career hopes at the time, led to a permanent rift between them.

What is "Il Boemo"?

"Il Boemo" (The Bohemian) was the affectionate nickname given to Josef Mysliveček in Italy, acknowledging his origins from Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic).