Emperor Yingzong of Song (b. 1032)

Emperor Yingzong of Song (16 February 1032 – 25 January 1067), whose personal name was Zhao Shu, held the esteemed position as the fifth emperor of the illustrious Song dynasty of China. His journey to the throne was unique and significant within the imperial lineage, as he was not a direct biological son of the preceding Emperor Renzong.

Born with the personal name Zhao Zongshi, a significant transformation occurred in 1062 when his name was formally changed to "Zhao Shu" by imperial decree. This crucial alteration directly followed his official adoption by Emperor Renzong, who, despite having numerous children, lacked a surviving male heir to continue the imperial line. Yingzong, a descendant of Emperor Taizong (who was Emperor Renzong's grand-uncle), was thus designated as the heir apparent to ensure the dynastic succession of the vast Song empire.

Emperor Yingzong's reign commenced in 1063 and extended for a relatively brief period of four years until his passing in 1067. Despite its brevity, his rule was marked by significant internal political discourse and health challenges. He frequently suffered from illness, which often limited his direct involvement in day-to-day governance, leading him to delegate considerable authority to capable grand councilors such as Han Qi and Ouyang Xiu. The most notable political controversy of his reign was the "Puyi Debate" (濮議), an intense and protracted discussion that divided the imperial court. This debate revolved around the appropriate posthumous honors for his biological father, Zhao Yunrang, Prince Pu, and whether Yingzong should recognize him as his "father" or maintain Emperor Renzong as his sole imperial father, highlighting complex issues of dynastic legitimacy, filial piety, and court ritual.

Upon his death in 1067, the imperial mantle passed to his eldest son, who would ascend the throne as Emperor Shenzong. Emperor Shenzong's reign is particularly renowned for the implementation of the ambitious and far-reaching New Policies of Wang Anshi, significant reforms that sought to modernize and strengthen the Song state in various aspects, from finance to military affairs.

Frequently Asked Questions about Emperor Yingzong of Song

Who was Emperor Yingzong of Song?

Emperor Yingzong, personal name Zhao Shu, was the fifth emperor of the Song dynasty in China, reigning from 1063 to 1067. His reign is historically notable for his adoption into the imperial lineage and the significant "Puyi Debate" concerning his familial status.

Why was Emperor Yingzong's personal name changed?

His personal name was changed from Zhao Zongshi to Zhao Shu in 1062 by imperial decree. This change occurred after he was formally adopted by Emperor Renzong, who had no surviving biological male heirs, making Yingzong the designated successor to the imperial throne.

What was the "Puyi Debate" during Yingzong's reign?

The "Puyi Debate" was a major political controversy that occurred during Emperor Yingzong's reign. It centered on whether Yingzong should posthumously bestow imperial honors upon his biological father, Zhao Yunrang (Prince Pu), or solely acknowledge Emperor Renzong as his imperial father. This debate deeply divided the court and touched upon complex issues of traditional Confucian filial piety and dynastic succession protocols.

How long did Emperor Yingzong reign?

Emperor Yingzong reigned for a relatively short period of four years, from 1063 until his death in 1067.

Who succeeded Emperor Yingzong?

Emperor Yingzong was succeeded by his eldest son, Emperor Shenzong, whose reign became historically significant for the sweeping political and economic reforms known as the New Policies, initiated by the prominent statesman Wang Anshi.