Byzantine conquest of Chandax by Nikephoros Phokas, end of the Emirate of Crete.
The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
World War II: Cologne is captured by American troops.
World War II: Operation Spring Awakening, the last major German offensive of the war, begins.
Ghana becomes the first Sub-Saharan country to gain independence from the British.
Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad officially gives boxing champion Cassius Clay the name Muhammad Ali.
Joseph Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva defects to the United States.
Three rebels are executed by Rhodesia, the first executions since UDI, prompting international condemnation.
Three Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteers are shot dead by the SAS in Gibraltar in Operation Flavius.
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