Every year, on April 17th, Syrians across the globe commemorate Evacuation Day, known in Arabic as 'Jalaa Day' (عيد الجلاء). This pivotal national holiday marks the complete withdrawal of French colonial forces from Syrian soil in 1946, an event that heralded the dawn of full national sovereignty and self-determination for the Syrian Arab Republic.

To truly grasp the profound significance of Evacuation Day, one must understand the preceding period of the French Mandate. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the League of Nations, under the Sykes-Picot Agreement's influence, granted France a mandate over Syria and Lebanon in 1920. This mandate, while ostensibly a preparatory phase for self-governance, was widely perceived by Syrians as a form of colonial occupation, leading to widespread resistance and a fervent nationalist movement aiming to reclaim full control over their land and destiny.

For over two decades, Syrian patriots, leaders, and the general populace engaged in a tireless struggle for independence. This involved both diplomatic negotiations on the international stage, often led by figures like Fares al-Khoury who championed Syria's case at the United Nations, and armed uprisings within Syria, such as the impactful Great Syrian Revolt (1925-1927) led by Sultan al-Atrash. The persistent pressure from within, coupled with France's diminished capacity and global shifts after World War II, eventually paved the way for the long-awaited departure.

The moment the last French soldier departed on April 17, 1946, was more than just a military withdrawal; it was a symbolic reclaiming of national destiny. It signified Syria's official entry onto the world stage as a truly independent nation, free to chart its own course without external imperial control. This newfound sovereignty empowered Syria to establish its own foreign policy, economic system, and national institutions, laying the groundwork for the modern Syrian state and its ongoing narrative.

Today, Evacuation Day remains a cornerstone of Syrian national identity. It is traditionally celebrated with grand parades, patriotic speeches from government officials highlighting the nation's resilience, various cultural events, and family gatherings that foster a sense of shared heritage. For many Syrians, it serves as a powerful reminder of their ancestors' sacrifices and a testament to the enduring spirit of self-determination and the pursuit of freedom. While current circumstances may impact the scale of public celebrations, the historical significance of this date remains undiminished in the national consciousness, symbolizing a pivotal moment of liberation and the birth of a sovereign state.

Frequently Asked Questions About Evacuation Day

What is Evacuation Day in Syria?

Evacuation Day, also known as Jalaa Day (عيد الجلاء), is a significant national holiday in Syria that commemorates the complete withdrawal of French colonial forces from Syrian territory on April 17, 1946, marking the beginning of Syria's full national sovereignty.

Why was the French army in Syria?

The French army was in Syria as part of the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, granted by the League of Nations after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire following World War I. This mandate, influenced by agreements like Sykes-Picot, was intended to guide these territories towards self-governance but was largely perceived as a form of colonial rule by the Syrian population.

When did Syria gain full independence?

Syria gained full independence and national sovereignty on April 17, 1946, following the final departure of French troops from its land. This date is celebrated as Evacuation Day.

How is Evacuation Day celebrated?

Traditionally, Evacuation Day is celebrated with national parades, patriotic speeches by officials, cultural events, and family gatherings that emphasize Syrian national pride and historical resilience. It serves as a day of remembrance for the struggle for freedom.