K. B. Hedgewar, Indian physician and activist (d. 1940)

Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (born April 1, 1889, and passing on June 21, 1940) stands as a foundational figure in modern Indian history. Often affectionately referred to by his moniker, Doctorji, Hedgewar was not only a practicing Indian Surgeon but also the visionary behind one of India's most significant cultural and social organizations. His legacy is indelibly linked to the creation and early shaping of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), an organization that continues to play a prominent role in the nation's discourse.

The Visionary Founder: Keshav Baliram Hedgewar

Born into a Brahmin family in Nagpur, Maharashtra, young Keshav Baliram Hedgewar harbored a deep sense of patriotism from an early age, which profoundly influenced his life's trajectory. While his formal training was in medicine, earning him the title of 'Doctor', his true calling emerged as a social reformer and nationalist. He witnessed India under colonial rule and felt a strong urge to unify and strengthen Hindu society.

Establishing the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)

The year 1925 marked a pivotal moment in Hedgewar’s life and, arguably, in modern Indian history. It was in Nagpur, his hometown, that Keshav Baliram Hedgewar officially founded the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, or RSS. His intention was clear: to create a disciplined volunteer organization rooted in Hindu values that could instill national character and foster unity among Hindus. The organization, which began with just a handful of dedicated followers, gradually grew under his meticulous guidance, emphasizing physical, mental, and spiritual development.

The Core Ideology: Hindutva and Hindu Rashtra

The RSS, as envisioned by Doctorji, was firmly based on the ideology of Hindutva. This concept, often translated as "Hindu-ness," encompasses the cultural, national, and spiritual identity of the people of India. For Hedgewar, Hindutva was not merely a religious doctrine but a comprehensive way of life that underpinned Indian civilization. His ultimate goal, and the foundational principle of the RSS, was the creation of a Hindu Rashtra—a Hindu Nation. This vision aimed at a culturally unified and strong India, drawing inspiration from what he perceived as its ancient and glorious heritage.

The Founding Sarsanghachalak

As the architect and driving force behind the RSS, Keshav Baliram Hedgewar naturally assumed the role of its first Sarsanghachalak. This title, translating to "Chief" or "Supreme Director," signified his ultimate authority and guidance over the nascent organization. He meticulously crafted the initial rituals, training methodologies, and organizational structure that would allow the RSS to expand its reach and influence over the decades. His leadership style emphasized selfless service, discipline, and the inculcation of national pride among its members. Even after his demise on June 21, 1940, his foundational principles continued to guide the RSS's growth, cementing his place as an iconic figure in India's socio-political landscape.

Frequently Asked Questions about Keshav Baliram Hedgewar

Who was Keshav Baliram Hedgewar?

Keshav Baliram Hedgewar was an Indian Surgeon and the esteemed founder of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). He is also widely known by his affectionate moniker, Doctorji.

When and where did he found the RSS?

Doctorji founded the RSS in Nagpur in 1925. This organization was established with a clear vision for the future of India.

What was the core ideology behind the RSS?

The RSS was founded on the ideology of Hindutva. Its primary intention was to work towards the creation of a Hindu Rashtra, aiming for cultural and national unity in India.

What does 'Sarsanghachalak' mean in the context of the RSS?

Sarsanghachalak is the title given to the supreme head or "Chief" of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar was the very first person to hold this pivotal leadership role.