Ethel Merman, American actress and singer (d. 1984)

Ethel Merman, born Ethel Agnes Zimmermann on January 16, 1908, in Astoria, Queens, New York, and passing on February 15, 1984, was an American cultural icon whose towering presence revolutionized musical theatre. Beyond merely being an actress, artist, and singer, Merman was primarily celebrated for her distinctive, brassy, and extraordinarily powerful voice. Her unparalleled ability to project her voice, often without the aid of a microphone, allowed her to dominate the largest Broadway stages, earning her the revered title, "the undisputed First Lady of the musical comedy stage." Her illustrious career spanned over five decades, leaving an indelible mark on both the stage and screen, and setting a benchmark for vocal power and theatrical charisma.

Dominating the Broadway Stage: Iconic Roles and Enduring Standards

Merman's remarkable career in theatre is defined by a series of iconic performances in some of Broadway's most beloved and enduring musicals. She was instrumental in establishing many of these shows as classics, often originating roles that would become synonymous with her name and forever shaping how these characters were perceived.

• Anything Goes (1934): Merman originated the role of Reno Sweeney in Cole Porter's classic musical. Her definitive rendition of the title song, "Anything Goes," along with "I Get a Kick Out of You" and "You're the Top," became instant standards, showcasing her comedic timing and powerful delivery. This production solidified her status as a formidable Broadway star.
• Annie Get Your Gun (1946): As the irrepressible sharpshooter Annie Oakley in Irving Berlin's smash hit, Merman delivered one of her most memorable and beloved performances. It was for this show that Berlin penned the immortal "There's No Business Like Show Business," a song that would become Merman's signature anthem and an unofficial motto for the entire entertainment industry, perfectly embodying her own relentless drive and passion for performing.
• Gypsy (1959): Many critics and fans consider her portrayal of Mama Rose, the ultimate stage mother, in this Jule Styne, Stephen Sondheim, and Arthur Laurents masterpiece to be her career-defining role. Merman's raw power, emotional depth, and commanding stage presence brought to life standards such as "Everything's Coming Up Roses," "Some People," and the intensely dramatic "Rose's Turn," forever linking her to this complex and ambitious character. The original cast album, featuring her definitive performance, earned her a prestigious Grammy Award.
• Hello, Dolly! (1970 Revival): While not the original star, Merman joined the cast of this immensely popular musical later in its celebrated Broadway run. Her highly anticipated return to a major musical role in 1970 was a celebrated event, demonstrating her enduring star power and captivating new audiences, proving she could still command a stage with unparalleled energy.

Introducing the Great American Songbook

Beyond her starring roles, Ethel Merman was instrumental in introducing numerous songs that would become cornerstones of the Great American Songbook. Her powerful and inimitable interpretations ensured these tunes resonated with audiences and stood the test of time, influencing generations of performers.

• "I Got Rhythm" from George and Ira Gershwin's Girl Crazy (1930) marked her dazzling Broadway debut and instantly made her a sensation, launching her into stardom with its electrifying energy.
• Several iconic Cole Porter compositions from various musicals, such as "It's De-Lovely" from Red, Hot and Blue (1936), and "Friendship" from Du Barry Was a Lady (1939), further showcased her versatility and ability to infuse diverse musical styles with her unique vocal prowess.

Screen Appearances and Distinguished Accolades

While Merman's primary domain was undeniably the Broadway stage, her formidable talent also graced the silver screen in a variety of memorable film roles. Her larger-than-life persona translated effectively to cinema, though many argued her full stage power was best experienced live.

• Anything Goes (1936): Merman reprised her iconic Broadway role of Reno Sweeney, allowing a wider, national audience to experience her early stage triumph and charismatic performance.
• Call Me Madam (1953): For her delightful portrayal of Sally Adams in this musical film, Merman earned the prestigious Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical, a testament to her continued excellence as a leading lady in the theatrical world. This adaptation of her Broadway success further cemented her film career.
• There's No Business Like Show Business (1954): This star-studded musical film offered her another prominent opportunity to perform her signature song, solidifying its place in popular culture as a classic showbiz anthem.
• It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963): Merman showcased her comedic chops in this ensemble comedy epic, demonstrating her range beyond purely musical roles and proving her ability to shine in a non-singing, character-driven performance.

Her profound contributions to the performing arts were widely recognized and celebrated throughout her career. In addition to the aforementioned Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance in Call Me Madam and the Grammy Award for the original cast album of Gypsy, she also received a Drama Desk Award for her special engagement in Hello, Dolly!. These significant accolades underscore her profound impact and enduring legacy as one of the most influential and unforgettable figures in 20th-century American entertainment.

Frequently Asked Questions About Ethel Merman

What made Ethel Merman's voice so distinctive and powerful?

Ethel Merman was renowned for her brassy, clear, and incredibly powerful "belt" voice. She possessed exceptional vocal projection and sustained power, enabling her to fill large Broadway theatres with her voice, often without the need for electronic amplification, a remarkable and rare feat for any performer.

Which Broadway shows are Ethel Merman most famous for?

Ethel Merman is most famous for her leading roles in iconic Broadway musicals such as the original productions of Anything Goes, Annie Get Your Gun, and Gypsy. She also garnered significant acclaim for her highly anticipated run in Hello, Dolly! later in her career, solidifying her status as a theatrical legend.

What is Ethel Merman's signature song?

Ethel Merman's signature song is "There's No Business Like Show Business," which was written by Irving Berlin specifically for her role in the musical Annie Get Your Gun. The song became synonymous with her and her unwavering dedication to the performing arts.

Did Ethel Merman win any major awards for her performances?

Yes, Ethel Merman received numerous significant awards recognizing her exceptional talent. She won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance in Call Me Madam, a Grammy Award for the original cast album of Gypsy, and a Drama Desk Award for her special engagement in Hello, Dolly!, among other honors.